Ahead of elections, a risky battle for
Ukraine's soul
Send a link to a friend
[May 31, 2018]
By Matthias Williams and Pavel Polityuk
PTYCHA, Ukraine (Reuters) - One recent
Sunday morning in the western Ukrainian village of Ptycha, a battle for
control of the church between rival Orthodox factions forced
parishioners to worship in unusual places.
To the left of the building, dozens squeezed into the caretaker's lodge,
above which a small Ukrainian flag fluttered.
To the right, and a short walk down the road, a second service took
place in the priest's packed garage. People spilled out into the garden
where they shared the space with the occasional stray chicken.
The 106-year-old Holy Assumption church itself was padlocked and three
police officers were nearby to guard it.
The standoff is the upshot of a tussle that pits a church aligned with
Russian Orthodoxy -- widely referred to in Ukraine as the Moscow
Patriarchate -- against a breakaway rival called the Kiev Patriarchate.
Religious divisions deepened in 2014 after the annexation of Crimea by
Russia and subsequent conflict between Ukrainian and Russian-backed
separatist forces over the Donbass region in the east.
Those tensions are back in focus after Petro Poroshenko, the pro-Western
president who faces a tight election race next March, stepped up efforts
to create an independent, or "autocephalous", national church.
He says the move is designed to bring religious and social unity as well
as to blunt Russia's influence in Ukraine.
"This question goes far beyond the ecclesiastical. It is about our
finally acquiring independence from Moscow," Poroshenko told parliament
in April.
CHURCH DIVIDED
The Moscow Patriarchate considers its Ukrainian rival illegitimate, and
fiercely opposes Poroshenko's proposal.
The Kiev branch, which broke away in 1992 after the fall of the Soviet
Union, supports it.
Critics of the Moscow Patriarchate call it a fifth column for the
Kremlin, used to harbor pro-Russian separatist fighters, store weapons,
justify Russian expansionism and spread anti-Ukrainian propaganda.
Mykhailo Voytyuk, a leader of the Kiev Patriarchate community in Ptycha,
says Moscow Patriarchate priests treat them as second-class citizens and
broke an agreement to let both sides take turns to hold services in the
church.
"We are nobodies and they are everything. We are the unblessed. We are
the dissidents," he said.
"The Moscow Patriarchate is the fifth column, with which the FSB
brainwashes and influences the state of affairs in every village,
including ours," he added, referring to Russia's state security service.
The Moscow Patriarchate rejects such accusations. It says it is
autonomous from the Russian Orthodox Church, and many of its followers
feel they are unfairly cast as "stooges" of Moscow.
Archbishop Kliment, spokesman for the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, the
official name for the Moscow Patriarchate, denied his church was a
security threat and said it had done much for peace in the east.
It "represents millions of religious Ukrainian citizens and to call this
number of Ukrainian citizens a hotbed of instability is to defame them
or define them as second class citizens who are rejected by the
political elite," he said in an interview.
A PRESIDENTIAL GAMBLE?
Poroshenko is trailing in the opinion polls. The move for an independent
church could boost his ratings and burnish his legacy, though opponents
call it a dangerous electoral ploy that will inflame social tensions.
Even supporters say it is a risk.
Archbishop Yevstraty, the Kiev Patriarchate spokesman, said Poroshenko
acted with surprising courage in staking his authority on a policy that
may not come off.
"For him as a politician it is clear that if the hopes he has sowed in
society ... are not realized, it is a big threat," he said.
He is not the first president to push for an autocephalous church.
But the quest has gained impetus since he returned from a visit to
Istanbul in April, when Poroshenko sought the backing of the Ecumenical
Patriarch Bartholomew, the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox
Christians.
A spokesman for the Patriarchate declined to comment.
The move is opposed by the Kremlin, Russian Orthodox Church and some of
Poroshenko's political opponents.
A campaign is underway to collect signatures asking Bartholomew to block
the plan.
That prompted Iryna Friz, an MP in Poroshenko's faction and senior
member of the parliamentary security committee, to ask the state
security service to investigate the campaign, which she says was
initiated by the Moscow Patriarchate church.
[to top of second column]
|
![](../images/053118pics/news_r25.jpg)
Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine Onufry (Onufriy), the Primate
of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate,
conducts a memorial service at the Tomb of Unknown Soldier in Kiev,
Ukraine May 9, 2018. REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko
![](../images/ads/current/richardson_lda_052118.png)
Asked about the assertion, Archbishop Kliment said "it is the
initiative of the laity."
Patriarch Filaret, the leader of the Kiev Patriarchate church, would
be the only obvious choice to head the autocephalous church,
according to Archbishop Yevstraty.
That could play well with many Ukrainians, two-thirds of whom are
Orthodox believers, according to 2018 research published by the
Kiev-based Razumkov think-tank.
The proportion of those supporting the Kiev Patriarchate doubled to
29 percent from 15 percent between 2010-2018 while support for the
Moscow Patriarchate almost halved to 13 percent.
The Kiev Patriarchate won followers at its rival's expense after
2014 protests ousted a pro-Russian leader.
It blessed those protesting against President Viktor Yanukovich and
gave sanctuary to people injured in clashes with security forces in
a makeshift clinic in its St. Michael's monastery in the center of
the capital.
Its leadership has denounced Russian leader Vladimir Putin as
possessed by Satan.
"BLAMED FOR EVERYTHING"
Cases where priests from the Moscow Patriarchate refused to hold
funeral services for Ukrainian soldiers who died in the Donbass
conflict, or blessed pro-Russian fighters, have raised hackles.
"...there are many examples when they refuse to read the burial
service over deceased veterans or people baptized in Kyiv
Patriarchate; this all leads to tensions," said Rostyslav Pavlenko,
the Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration.
"Moreover, the veterans recall instances when churches in the east
were used as rally point for terrorists," he told Reuters.
Back in November 2014, feelings ran high in Ptycha when villagers
voted on whether the blue-painted church should remain part of the
Moscow Patriarchate or switch across.
The vote sparked years of confrontation. In December 2015, the two
sides went at each other with clubs, while this April there was
another standoff when hooded men broke into the church, witnesses
say.
The Kiev Patriarchate side accuses the Moscow Patriarchate of
bringing "titushki", or thugs-for-hire, to cause trouble. The Moscow
Patriarchate side says its rival uses nationalist militia. Finally
the police shut the building down.
Maria Furmanets, a villager of the Moscow Patriarchate faith, says
it is unfair to paint her as a Russian stooge.
"We are always blamed for everything as we are 'Moskals,'" she said,
using a derogatory word for ethnic Russians.
"We've lived our whole life in Ukraine, we love our Ukraine a lot
more than they (the Kiev Patriarchate) do, we love our land and our
church," she said. "I don't even recognize the Kiev Patriarchate -
it's a political organization."
Poroshenko's plan is criticized by the Opposition Bloc, the heir to
Yanukovich's defunct Party of Regions, which has its power base in
the east.
"When officials interfere with church affairs, expect trouble,
expect tension and interconfessional conflicts," leader Yuriy Boyko
told Reuters.
"The president has a low rating and is trying to raise it through
this kind of action."
Poroshenko's camp denies his plan is for electoral gain, saying work
towards it began four years ago.
"We see it as a historical opportunity," said Pavlenko of the
Presidential Administration.
(Additional reporting by Ece Toksabay in Ankara; Editing by Mike
Collett-White)
[© 2018 Thomson Reuters. All rights
reserved.]
Copyright 2018 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Thompson Reuters is solely responsible for this content. |