Political divisions cloud Poland climate
talks
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[November 27, 2018]
By Nina Chestney
LONDON (Reuters) - Divisions within Europe
and tension between the United States and China pose major challenges to
the next round of United Nations talks on climate change.
The most important U.N. climate conference since the Paris Agreement of
2015 opens on Sunday in Katowice, Poland, in one of the most polluted
coal-mining regions in Europe. Success, according to the conference's
Polish host, will need a miracle.
Delegates from about 195 nations are on a deadline to produce a "rule
book" to flesh out details of the pact, which the United States, at the
behest of President Donald Trump, has announced it will quit.
The 2015 deal aims to shift the world economy away from fossil fuels and
limit the rise in global temperatures to between 1.5 and 2 degrees
Celsius to avert more extreme weather, rising sea levels and the loss of
plant and animal species.
The pact was 20 years in the making and commits almost every country to
fight global warming. But rules are needed to bring about real cuts in
emissions and ensure they are closely monitored.
U.N. scientists in October added to pressure for a strong outcome from
the talks, saying the world will hit the 1.5C threshold around 2040 and
unprecedented changes are needed in the way people use energy.
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Despite this call for unified action, there are divisions within the
European Union and trade tensions between the United States and China,
all of which have implications for climate policy.
The president of the talks, Poland's former deputy energy minister
Michał Kurtyka, has expressed hopes of a compromise while at same time
acknowledging the scope of the task ahead.
"Only by a miracle can we realize success," he said last month, although
miracles were "a Polish speciality".
Then earlier this month he added: "Undoubtedly, the geopolitical
situation in 2015 was much easier for discussing global agreements than
the one we have in 2018. However, my talks with representatives from the
whole world show that there is a willingness to reach a compromise in
Katowice."
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC RIFTS
Developing nations and those vulnerable to climate change, such as
islands and low-lying states, are looking to big industrialized
countries to deepen cuts in emissions.
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A general view shows 100,000 postcards with messages against climate
change, sent by young people from all over the world and stuck
together to break the Guinness World Record of the biggest postcard
on the Jungfraufirn, the upper part of Europe's longest glacier, the
Aletschgletscher, near Jungfraujoch, Switzerland November 16, 2018.
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Senior Chinese climate change official Li Gao told reporters last
month that some industrialized countries more responsible for
climate change were backsliding on the "polluter pays" principle,
which "will make it hard to reach a consensus".
In the European Union, European Commission climate chief Miguel
Arias Canete's call for more ambitious goals was rebuffed by
Chancellor Angela Merkel, who said it would be counter-productive
because some European countries, including Germany, were struggling
to meet their targets.
The United States has a seat at the negotiating table until it can
formally quit in November 2020 at the earliest.
It may use its remaining time to try to develop ammunition for its
trade dispute with China. Former climate and energy adviser to
President Trump, George David Banks, told Reuters the administration
wants to make sure it "corrects as many of the flaws of the
agreement that it can".
The United States has always been interested in getting a robust
framework for reporting and measuring emissions cuts, particularly
for developing countries such as China.
"It helps inform your trade policymaking and negotiations vis-a-vis
the Chinese and others," Banks said.
The United States also plans to promote fossil and nuclear fuels at
the talks, repeating a strategy that infuriated global-warming
activists last year.
(Reporting by Nina Chestney; additional reporting by Timothy Gardner
in WASHINGTON; Bate Felix in PARIS; Barbara Lewis in LONDON; David
Stanway in BEIJING and Agnieszka Barteczko in WARSAW; Editing by
Giles Elgood)
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