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 Scientists led by Ali Erturk at Ludwig Maximilians University in
Munich have developed a technique that uses a solvent to make organs
such as the brain and kidneys transparent.
The organ is then scanned by lasers in a microscope that allows
researchers to capture the entire structure, including the blood
vessels and every single cell in its specific location.
Using this blueprint, researchers print out the scaffold of the
organ. They then load the 3D printer with stem cells which act as
"ink" and are injected into the correct position making the organ
functional.
While 3D printing is already used widely to produce spare parts for
industry, Erturk said the development marks a step forward for 3D
printing in the medical field.
Until now 3D-printed organs lacked detailed cellular structures
because they were based on images from computer tomography or MRI
machines, he said.
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"We can see where every single cell is located in transparent human
organs. And then we can actually replicate exactly the same, using
3D bioprinting technology to make a real functional organ," he said.
"Therefore, I believe we are much closer to a real human organ for
the first time now."
Erturk's team plan to start by creating a bioprinted pancreas over
the next 2-3 years and also hope to develop a kidney within 5-6
years.
The researchers will first test to see whether animals can survive
with the bioprinted organs and could start clinical trials within
5-10 years, he said.
(Reporting by Ayhan Uyanik; Writing by Caroline Copley; Editing by
Susan Fenton)
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