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 Many women struggle to breastfeed their babies even when they go to
support groups or get one-on-one help from lactation specialists.
Stress is often part of the problem, said Nurul Husna Mold Shukri,
lead author of the study and an infant nutrition specialist at
Universiti Putra Malaysia in Selangor.
Pediatricians recommend exclusive breastfeeding until infants are at
least 6 months old because it may bolster their immune systems and
protect against obesity and diabetes later in life.
For the experiment, researchers offered 64 new mothers who were
exclusively breastfeeding traditional help including educational
pamphlets and information on support groups and lactation
specialists. In addition, 33 of the women received audio recordings
that encouraged relaxation through deep breathing and offered
positive messages about breastfeeding and mother-baby bonding, which
they were instructed to play while they nursed.
Mothers who listened to relaxation therapy while breastfeeding
reported less stress than women who didn't get the audio recordings,
researchers report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
After two weeks, mothers in the relaxation group had lower levels of
the stress hormone cortisol in their milk. At this point, babies in
the relaxation group also slept an average of 82 minutes a day
longer and had higher weight gains than infants in the control
group.
After three months, babies in the relaxation group consumed an
average of 227 grams (about 8 ounces) more breast milk each day than
infants in the control group.
"The results suggest that a simple relaxation tool - in this case a
meditation relaxation recording - was able to reduce maternal stress
during breastfeeding, favorably affecting breast milk volume and/or
composition and positively influencing infant sleeping behavior and
growth," Shukri said by email. "Although we only tested one type of
relaxation intervention, it seems likely that anything that makes a
mother feel more relaxed might have similar effects."
The relaxation tapes did not seem to have a long-term effect, the
study team notes, because there was no statistically meaningful
difference in milk cortisol levels or mothers' reported anxiety in
the later home visits.
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Beyond its small size, one limitation of the study is that
participants knew whether they were getting the relaxation
recordings or had been assigned to a control group, and this may
have influenced the outcomes.
It's also possible that the small study of women in Malaysia may not
reflect what would happen with mothers and babies in other
countries. Breastfeeding is more widespread in Malaysia and
maternity leave is longer than in the U.S., for example.
Still, the results offer fresh evidence of the importance of
addressing maternal stress, said Dr. Valerie Flaherman, director of
the medical center newborn nursery at the University of California,
San Francisco.
"Mothers are often anxious and stressed in the first weeks after
birth, and infant weight change has been shown to be associated with
maternal anxiety," Flaherman, who wasn't involved in the study, said
by email. "These results show that reducing maternal anxiety with a
simple audio recording has the potential to improve infant growth."
There's no downside to women trying relaxation techniques at home,
said Dr. Lori Feldman-Winter, a professor of pediatrics at Cooper
Medical School of Rowan University in Camden, New Jersey.
"Mothers should use methods that they know work for them to help
relax, such as listening to music, reading, meditating or using
mindfulness," Feldman-Winter, who wasn't involved in the study, said
by email. "These techniques may have multiple positive outcomes in
terms of reducing stress, optimizing breastfeeding and newborn
growth, and helping infant achieve more consolidated sleep, which
may help mothers sleep as well."
SOURCE: https://bit.ly/30bzN4W American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, published online June 4, 2019.
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