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 Heavy soda and sports drink consumption was associated with a 28
percent higher risk of early death from any cause, a 31 percent
higher risk of death from heart disease and a 16 percent increased
risk of death from cancer, researchers found.
"Here in the U.S., about half of the population consumes at least
one sugar sweetened beverage per day," lead study author Vasanti
Malik, a nutrition researcher at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health in Boston, said by email. "Replacing sugar sweetened
beverages with other beverages, particularly water, is one strategy
to improve health and longevity."
Sodas, sports drinks and other sugar sweetened beverages are the
single largest source of added sugar in the American diet,
researchers note in Circulation. Although consumption has declined
in the past decade, it has rebounded slightly in recent years - and
the typical adult gets about 145 calories a day from these drinks.
The study wasn't a controlled experiment designed to prove whether
or how sugary drinks might directly cause health problems or send
people to an early grave. But it's likely that both the added sugars
and calories in these beverages play a role, Malik said.
That's because the link between sugary drinks and early mortality
wasn't as strong once researchers accounted for diet and lifestyle
factors, including how many calories people consumed.
When people drink sodas and other sugary beverages, they may be more
likely to develop risk factors for diabetes, heart disease and other
chronic health problems, Malik said. They also may consume more
total calories than they otherwise would, which contributes to
obesity as well as an increased risk of high blood pressure,
diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
And the increased risk of cancer seen with sugary drinks is "likely
driven by diet-related cancers, including breast cancer and, to a
lesser extent, colon cancer," Malik said.
In the current study, the risk associated with sugary drinks rose
with higher consumption for men and women.
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Artificially sweetened beverages could be used to replace sugary
drinks, but high consumption of the artificially sweetened drinks
should also be discouraged, the research team says. That's because
among heavy consumers of sugary drinks, substituting one
artificially sweetened drink per day was tied to a slight reduction
in the risk of early death. However, women who drank four or more
artificially sweetened drinks per day had a higher mortality risk
than other women in the study.
Data for the analysis came from 37,716 men in the Health
Professionals follow-up study and 80,647 women in the Nurses' Health
Study. Researchers accounted for other dietary factors, physical
activity and obesity, so that any effect measured could be
independently linked with sugar-sweetened beverages.
During 34 years of follow-up in the nurses' study, 23,432 women
died, including 4,139 who died of heart problems and 8,318 from
cancer.
Over the course of 28 years in the health professionals study,
13,004 men died: 3,757 from heart issues and 4,062 from cancer.
More research is needed to verify the connection between
artificially sweetened drinks and mortality risk, the study authors
note. It's also possible that results for these study participants
might not represent what would happen for other U.S. adults.
Even so, the results add to the mounting evidence that sugary
beverages like sodas and sports drinks are harmful, said Nicola
McKeown, a researcher at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science
and Policy at Tufts University who wasn't involved in the study.
Daily consumers of sodas, sports drinks and other sugary beverages
should "cut down substantially," McKeown said. "These beverages
deliver no health benefits."
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/2CoQHng Circulation, online March 18, 2019.
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