The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) earlier
announced that an independent three-member panel of the American
Arbitration Association (AAA) determined the suspension after
Dwyer was found to have had testosterone pellets inserted in his
body.
Dwyer, 30, tested positive for an anabolic agent in three
out-of-competition urine samples last November and December,
USADA said in a news release.
"Following a full evidentiary hearing, the panel found that
Dwyer had testosterone pellets inserted in his body in violation
of the rules," USADA said.
Dwyer said he was following a doctor-prescribed medical
treatment that he did not realise contained the banned substance
testosterone and noted that the panel said in its report that he
was not significantly at fault for the violation.
"My doctor assured me that the United States Olympic Committee
had approved the treatment before I agreed to it," he said in a
statement.
"Absent of these assurances, I never would have agreed to this
medically necessary treatment.
"Regardless of the result of the arbitration ruling, I have
decided to retire from swimming to pursue other professional
interests.
"It was an honor to represent my country alongside my team mates
and with the support of my coaches, family, and friends."
Dwyer was part of the U.S. 4x200m freestyle teams that won gold
at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics. He also claimed bronze in the
individual 200 freestyle at Rio in 2016.
USADA CEO Travis Tygart said: "As noted in the panel’s decision,
USADA is independent of sport and here to help athletes ensure
they compete clean and protect their health and well-being
within the rules.
"It’s frustrating that Mr Dwyer did not take advantage of this
support and hopefully this case will convince others to do so in
order to protect fair and healthy competition for all athletes."
Dwyer’s 20-month ban began on Dec. 21 last year, the date of his
provisional suspension.
(Reporting by Andrew Both in Cary, North Carolina and Rory
Carroll in Los Angeles; Editing by Ken Ferris)
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