Mad cow fright keeps EU cautious on food rules
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[February 13, 2020] By
Philip Blenkinsop
BRUSSELS (Reuters) - The specter of the
1990s BSE crisis means the European Union is likely to reject U.S.
demands it ease strict food safety rules, even with President Donald
Trump threatening car tariffs if EU countries do not start importing
more U.S. farm products.
With European food and farming exports to the United States worth up to
$12 billion a year more than imports, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
Sonny Perdue told the EU last month it should adapt its food regulations
to reflect "sound science".
But there seems little prospect Brussels will agree.
Europeans who remember BSE, nicknamed mad cow disease, will not accept
any lowering of food standards and no politician could support a trade
deal perceived as doing so, said Johan Bjerkem, trade specialist at the
European Policy Centre.
"On top of that, you're negotiating with Trump, for whom not many
Europeans have great sympathy," he said. "Combine these things and it
will be very difficult to accept a deal on those issues."
Trump, who has long complained that the EU's position on trade is "worse
than China," said on Monday he was training his sights on Europe,
raising the prospect of a new trade war.

The EU bans imports of meat treated with growth hormones or poultry
washed with peracetic acid, often dubbed 'chlorinated chicken'. Both are
standard U.S. farming practices.
Washington points to inconsistencies -- EU salad leaves are regularly
washed with chlorine -- and says EU rules are a smokescreen for
protectionism. They undoubtedly do benefit EU farmers.
Brussels' response is that antimicrobial poultry washes mask otherwise
far less strict and hygienic standards.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that the various
washes are not a safety concern, but do not replace the need for good
hygienic practices during processing of poultry carcasses.
The agency's study of hormone-treated meat similarly does not conclude
that it is unsafe, but says there is insufficient data to prove it is
safe.
CAUTIOUS EU APPROACH
The distinction is important, highlighting the "precautionary principle"
that guides EU food safety law.
"The U.S. has strict liability for lawsuits, which we don't have so much
in the EU ... Here, the sense is more wanting to minimize the risks,"
said Mute Schimpf, food specialist at Friends of the Earth Europe.
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A young calf looks out from a truck January 12, 2001 in Westerheim,
Germany as he is transported to be slaughtered with the rest of his
herd after an animal suffering from BSE was found in a farm in this
small village./File Photo

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which passed to humans and resulted from
cattle being fed the remains of other livestock, led to a worldwide ban on
British beef exports and the culling of millions of animals. It and other food
scandals, such as dioxin in feed in Belgium, led to the founding of EFSA in 2002
and inform its safety-first approach.
"It led to the introduction in Europe of the precautionary principle, the idea
that if you're not certain, don't take unnecessary risks," said Erik Millstone,
professor of science policy at the University of Sussex.
Instead of reporting to agriculture ministries or commissioners also concerned
about the welfare of farmers and the food industry, food safety agencies became
part of policy on health and consumer protection.
EU labeling laws also tightened at a similar time. In 2003, labels were required
to show the presence of more than trace elements of genetically modified (GM)
crops. The result was that, while millions of tonnes of GM animal feed are
imported into Europe, there are no GM food items on sale to EU consumers.
The United States does not require labeling of GM food and some of its farming
lobbies believe Europe is unfairly stigmatizing their products with labels.
The restrictions though are not only in Europe.
The United States bans cheese made with unpasturised milk unless it has been
aged for 60 days, ruling out imports of French brie and camembert. Kinder Eggs,
a chocolate encasing a plastic toy, are also banned.
A lot of standards essentially boil down to local customs and a suspicion of
standards elsewhere, particularly practices promoted by big foreign business.
"We work on the principle that if we don't do it, it must be bad. Whether that
is protectionist or not I leave for others to dwell on," said Hosuk Lee-Makayama,
director of trade think tank ECIPE.
(Reporting by Philip Blenkinsop; Additional reporting by Jakub Riha; Editing by
Catherine Evans)
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