Analysis-Viable plan or security theatre? Europe embraces digital health
pass
Send a link to a friend
[April 26, 2021]
By Clara-Laeila Laudette and Douglas Busvine
MADRID (Reuters) - As Europe races to set
up a digital health pass scheme to save the holiday season from the
pandemic, technical and political obstacles are showing just how big a
challenge the world faces in building such systems, people involved in
the effort say.
Developers are grappling with issues ranging from the practical - such
as what to accept as proof of being COVID-19 free - to the
philosophical, including debates over discrimination and personal
privacy.
Southern countries that depend on tourism like Spain, Greece and
Portugal are clamouring for a quick rollout of the promised European
Union "digital green pass", saying their economies will not withstand
the loss of another summer season.
The EU Commission plans to award a contract this month for a central
system for verifying the digital passes, which will use QR codes that
can be scanned into a smartphone app. It will also provide a template to
help member countries develop their own apps - though some have already
readied their own versions.
The gateway is supposed to launch in June after testing in May. But the
bloc's less tourism-reliant northern states warn launching a viable
solution so quickly will be a stretch, especially given the number of
stakeholders in the 27-nation bloc.
"It's an aggressive timeline and it requires cooperation," said Mats
Snall, the head of Sweden's digital vaccine passport initiative.
BUGS TO FIX
The list of unresolved issues in the vaccine passport scheme is long.
There is still no consensus on whether antibody tests provide sufficient
proof that a person who has recovered from COVID-19 is immune, sources
involved in the efforts say.
Adapting the scheme for overseas visitors represents a challenge too,
after Commission President Ursula von der Leyen told the New York Times
on Sunday that the EU would open its doors to vaccinated Americans this
summer.
Member states also worry about the security of personal information,
though the Commission has promised the online certificates will contain
minimal data: name, date of birth, the specific health information, its
date of issue and a unique identifier code.
And while vaccine passports have not become a political football to the
extent they have in the United States - where right-wing politicians
denounce the idea as an impingement on personal freedom - concerns about
digital tracking loom large.
[to top of second column]
|
The data put into the digital certificates will be
easily amenable to forgeries, cautioned Michael Veale, who lectures
on digital rights and regulation at University College London.
At the same time, training and equipping staff across Europe to
verify the certificates could well prove to be impossible in
practice, creating a form of "security theatre" that is more
intrusive than useful in practice, added Veale.
TRIAL UNDERWAY
The wrangling over vaccine passports resembles last year's debates
over contact-tracing apps, which some experts thought could help
stem the pandemic but mostly foundered in the face of technical
bickering, lack of uptake, and huge waves of infection that rendered
them mostly moot.
But vaccine passports are inherently simpler: unlike contact-tracing
apps, they don't need to communicate with other phones, or track
movements in any way.
Instead, a digital health pass, issued by a doctor or health centre,
would feature a QR code containing pre-authenticated information
that attests a traveller has been vaccinated against COVID-19 or has
received a negative PCR test result.
EU member states are creating apps for individuals to upload the QR
code into their smartphones. Officials would be issued with separate
checking apps: a 'green' result would mean the certificate is valid,
'red' would be invalid.
The EU gateway would assure that, say, the German app could easily
be read in Portugal.
Estonia, which already tested a digital immunity passport for
workplaces last year, is considered in Brussels to be the most
advanced in building its own national app, but others aren't far
behind.
France has just added a feature to its existing coronavirus
contact-tracing app, allowing users to upload recent test results
and proof of vaccination. It is trialling the app initially on
airline flights to Corsica.
Germany is starting by creating a standalone app to provide proof of
vaccination, but plans to then incorporate the digital certificate
via a wallet feature into the Corona-Warn-App, launched last year to
enable contact tracing, sources say.
Spain is one of the digital green pass's most vocal advocates,
hailing it as a safe way of facilitating mobility having lost over
80% of its foreign visitors in 2020, a 51-year low.
"Spain cannot afford another summer like 2020," a source at the
tourism ministry said. "Port and airport authorities have already
contracted the services needed to implement and recognise the
digital certificate."
(Additional reporting by Supantha Mukherjee, Foo Yun Chee and
Douglas Busvine. Editing by Jonathan Weber and Mark Potter)
[© 2021 Thomson Reuters. All rights
reserved.] Copyright 2021 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Thompson Reuters is solely responsible for this content. |