Analysis: Draghi takes the reins as Italian PM, now comes the hard part
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[February 13, 2021]
By Angelo Amante
ROME (Reuters) - Italians' hopes in Mario
Draghi could hardly be higher. But the former European Central Bank
chief, who was sworn in as the country's new prime minister on Saturday,
will have a tough time fulfilling them.
His main tasks will be the efficient management of over 200 billion
euros ($241 billion) Italy expects from a European Union fund to help
the bloc's recovery, and ensuring smooth progress of the COVID-19
vaccination campaign.
Draghi has several advantages. He comes to power with one of the largest
majorities of any government in Italy's post-war history, huge
international prestige and an approval rating of 71%, according to a
survey published this week.
But his broad parliamentary backing may also be a problem.
He will have to manage an unwieldy coalition made up of parties from
left to right, including traditionally bitter foes such as the 5-Star
Movement and Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia, the right-wing League and
centre-left Democratic Party.
Giovanni Orsina, head of the LUISS university school of government in
Rome, said Draghi's popularity and credibility will assure him of an
easy ride at the beginning.
"The party system is difficult to manage, but Draghi, with his prestige,
can make it hard for them to thwart him," he said.
Party horse-trading over cabinet posts is normally a central part of
forming an Italian government, yet Draghi unveiled his ministerial team
on Friday without any apparent negotiations or opposition from the
coalition parties.
His picks will not have pleased everyone, however, and it may be only a
matter of time before resentment and dissatisfaction surface.
RECOVERY PLAN
Draghi's first job will redrafting Italy's Recovery Plan, which must be
handed to the European Commission by April to tap funds desperately
needed to revive the recession-hit economy.
The Commission will disburse the money in instalments dependent on the
government reaching milestones and meeting benchmarks.
The previous government of Giuseppe Conte was brought down partly by
squabbles over how to manage the plan and which projects to include, so
Draghi will want to swiftly stamp his authority on a revised version.
Italy has a dismal track record of using EU funds and making productive
investments in its economy, with projects often bogged down by red tape
or hit by corruption probes.
"We need to accelerate the procedures. It's unthinkable to achieve what
we have to with the slowness of our bureaucracy," Enrico Giovannini,
Draghi's new infrastructure and transport minister told Reuters shortly
before his appointment.
It will not be easy for the prime minister to overcome these deep-rooted
problems, but his past performance at the Italian Treasury, the Bank of
Italy and the ECB shows he can act decisively and effectively.
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Incoming Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi leaves after a meeting
with Italian President Sergio Mattarella at the Quirinale Palace, in
Rome, Italy, February 12, 2021. REUTERS/Remo Casilli
As Treasury chief he earned the moniker "Super Mario" for his
whirlwind activity in spearheading privatisations and his role in
Italy's preparations for monetary union.
After a stint at Goldman Sachs in London he then reorganised the
Bank of Italy, cutting its number of branches, before earning
international acclaim at the ECB where he is credited with saving
the euro through the bank's asset-buying programme.
"Draghi has shown he can be a great innovator and effectively lead
complex organisations like the Bank of Italy and the Eurosystem of
central banks," said Angelo Baglioni, economics professor at Milan's
Cattolica University.
CREATIVE DESTRUCTION
Aside from the Recovery Plan, analysts are looking for clues to how
Draghi will go about broader reforms of Italy's chronically sluggish
economy.
Some indications may be found in a December report by a G30 working
group he co-chaired which urged an end to state aid for firms whose
fate has been sealed by COVID-19, suggesting there could be painful
medicine in store.
The report calls for "a certain amount of 'creative destruction' as
some firms shrink or close and new ones open, and as some workers
need to move between companies and sectors".
Reviving the economy will be closely linked to vaccinations and how
the pandemic develops.
"Lockdowns can't last forever and vaccines are the only way to
reduce health expenditure, because sick people cost money," said
Fabrizio Pregliasco, a prominent Italian virologist.
On this front, Draghi inherits a situation which is broadly
positive, with infection rates currently stable and pressure on
hospitals relatively manageable.
After initial problems due to supply shortages, Italy's vaccination
campaign is also going smoothly, with almost 80% of doses so far
received having been administered to patients.
Nonetheless, Draghi has no room for complacency and may face
problems managing the frequent clashes between central government
and the powerful governors of Italy's 20 regions who have a major
say over health policy.
Economist Tito Boeri, a former chief of the state pension system,
urged Draghi to claw back control over healthcare.
"Vaccinations require an unprecedented effort ... it takes
commitment and an organizational structure that needs to be largely
centralized," Boeri said.
($1 = 0.8270 euros)
(Additional reporting by Gavin Jones; Editing by Gavin Jones and
Catherine Evans)
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