Pregnant women being infected at higher rates; COVID-19 from UK variant
lasting longer
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[February 24, 2021]
By Nancy Lapid
(Reuters) - The following is a roundup of
some of the latest scientific studies on the novel coronavirus and
efforts to find treatments and vaccines for COVID-19, the illness caused
by the virus.
Pregnant women infected by COVID-19 at higher rate
Pregnant women become infected with the new coronavirus at higher rates
than other adults, according to new data. Between March and June in
Washington state, for every 1,000 pregnant women there were 14 cases of
COVID-19, compared with 7 cases among every 1,000 non-pregnant adults
aged 20 to 39, researchers found. After accounting for other risk
factors, the COVID-19 rate in pregnant women there was 70% higher than
in non-pregnant adults, according to a report in the American Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynecology. Pregnant women in non-white racial/ethnic
groups were particularly vulnerable. When compared to women in
Washington State overall who delivered live births in 2018, the
proportion of COVID-19 cases in pregnancy among most racial and ethnic
minority groups during the pandemic study period was two to four times
higher. In addition, while people receiving medical care in a language
other than English accounted for roughly 8% of the general population,
they accounted for roughly 30% of the pregnant women with COVID-19.
Added to the fact that pregnant women with COVID-19 have higher rates of
severe illness, the new study "strongly suggests that pregnant people
should be broadly prioritized for COVID-19 vaccine allocation," the
researchers concluded.
Variant found in UK may cause longer infections
The reason the coronavirus variant first identified in the UK is more
transmissible than earlier versions of the virus may be that it spends
more time inside infected people, giving them more time to spread the
virus, according to a small study. Researchers measured viral loads
daily in 65 patients with COVID-19, including seven who were infected
with the UK variant. The amount of virus carried by patients was similar
in the two groups. But among individuals infected with the variant
designated B.1.1.7, the average duration of infection was 13.3 days,
compared to 8.2 days in those infected by an older version of the
coronavirus. The time until patients' viral loads peaked was also longer
with the UK variant: 5.3 days, versus 2 days with earlier variants. "The
findings are preliminary, as they are based on seven B.1.1.7 cases," the
researchers cautioned in a report posted without peer review on a
Harvard University website. "However, if borne out by additional data, a
longer isolation period than the currently recommended 10 days after
symptom onset may be needed to effectively interrupt secondary
infections by this variant," they said.
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Small toy figures are seen in front of the coronavirus (COVID-19)
sign in this illustration taken March 12, 2020. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File
Photo
Stronger bonds connect some mutant viruses to infected cells
Scientists are learning more about what might be making coronavirus
variants identified in South Africa and Brazil less vulnerable to
vaccines and current antibody therapies. Researchers already know
that these variants carry a worrisome mutation called E484K. A new
study found that after the spike on the virus breaks into receptors
on cells, the variant has "more favorable electrostatic
interactions," or electric charges, strengthening bonds that keep it
tightly fastened to the infected cell. In addition, according to a
report posted Wednesday on bioRxiv ahead of peer review, the shape
of the spike protein is different in the location of the E484K
mutation, helping the spike bind more tightly to "receptor" sites on
the infected cells. The authors also confirmed that six antibodies
that neutralize other versions the virus are significantly less
effective against variants with the E484K mutation. They discovered
this is mainly because the electric charges that bind the antibodies
to the spike are not strong enough. These findings, they say, will
be "of great significance" for development of effective vaccines and
antibodies.
Female sex hormones may help hospitalized men with COVID-19
Men have been prone to more severe disease and death than women
during the pandemic. In a small pilot safety study, 42 men received
either injections of the female hormone progesterone under the skin
twice a day plus usual care, or usual care alone, to see if the
female hormone might dampen the cascade of inflammation that leads
to severe lung injury in COVID-19. No adverse side effects were
reported, and overall clinical status improved to a greater extent
in the men who received progesterone. Men treated with progesterone
required 3 fewer days of supplemental oxygen and were hospitalized
for 2.5 fewer days compared to men who did not receive the female
hormone, although these differences did not reach statistical
significance. "This proof of concept pilot trial showed very
encouraging outcome data, suggesting that administration of
progesterone ... may represent a safe and effective approach to
treatment of COVID-19" in men with moderate-to-severe illness,
researchers said in a report published on Saturday in the journal
Chest.
(Reporting by Nancy Lapid; Editing by Bill Berkrot)
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