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U.S. plans to designate Yemen's Houthi movement as foreign terrorist group

[January 11, 2021] By Aziz El Yaakoubi, Jonathan Landay and Matt Spetalnick

RIYADH/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States plans to designate Yemen's Houthi movement as a foreign terrorist organization, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said, a move that diplomats and aid groups worry could threaten peace talks and complicate efforts to combat the world's largest humanitarian crisis.

The decision to blacklist the Iran-aligned group, first reported by Reuters hours earlier, comes as the administration of President-elect Joe Biden prepares to take over from the Trump administration on Jan. 20.

A Houthi leader said in a Twitter post that the movement, which has been battling a Saudi-led coalition in Yemen since 2015, reserved the right to respond to any designation.

"The Department of State will notify Congress of my intent to designate Ansar Allah, sometimes referred to as the Houthis, as a Foreign Terrorist Organization," Pompeo said in a statement late on Sunday.

"I also intend to designate three of Ansar Allah's leaders, Abdul Malik al-Houthi, Abd al-Khaliq Badr al-Din al-Houthi, and Abdullah Yahya al Hakim, as Specially Designated Global Terrorists", he said.

The Trump administration has been piling on sanctions related to Iran in recent weeks, prompting some Biden allies and outside analysts to conclude that Trump aides are seeking to make it harder for the incoming administration to re-engage with Iran and rejoin an international nuclear agreement.

"The policy of the Trump administration and its behaviour is terrorist," the Houthi official Mohammed Ali al-Houthi tweeted. "We reserve the right to respond to any designation issued by the Trump administration or any administration."

In Tehran, when asked about the U.S. move, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh told a weekly news conference: "It is likely that the bankrupt U.S. government might try to further tarnish the United States' image in its remaining days and poison the American heritage."

Aid groups and U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres had warned against a possible designation, saying Yemen was in imminent danger of the worst famine the world has seen for decades.

Pompeo said the United States planned to put in place measures to reduce the impact of the step on humanitarian activity and imports into Yemen, where 80% of the population needs help.

The foreign ministry of Yemen's Saudi-backed government, which the Houthis ousted from power in the capital, Sanaa, in late 2014, supported the designation and called for further "political and legal pressure" on the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia, which has been attacked by cross-border Houthi missiles and drones, has yet to comment.

HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE

U.N. officials are trying to revive peace talks to end the war as the country's suffering is also worsened by an economic and currency collapse and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Oxfam America's humanitarian policy lead Scott Paul, describing the U.S. move as "counter-productive and dangerous", urged President-elect Joe Biden to revoke the designation immediately upon taking office.

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Houthi fighters man a machine gun mounted on a military truck as they parade during a gathering of Houthi loyalists on the outskirts of Sanaa, Yemen July 8, 2020. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah

The Norwegian Refugee Council called for "unambiguous safeguards and guarantees" to ensure sanctions did not prevent food, fuel and medicines from being delivered across a country "in the middle of a full-blown humanitarian catastrophe".

"We call on ... Biden to act upon taking office to ensure Yemeni civilians can still receive life-saving aid," it said.

Pompeo said that with the implementation of these designations on Jan. 19, the U.S. Treasury Department would provide licences that would apply to some humanitarian activities conducted by non-governmental organizations in Yemen and to certain transactions related to critical commodities exports such as food and medicine.

The Treasury Department has previously issued such special licences to humanitarian groups for heavily sanctioned countries, but international relief officials have said such measures often failed to unblock aid flows as banks and insurance firms worry about running afoul of sanctions.

The designation has been the subject of weeks of fierce debate within the Trump administration. Internal disagreements over how to carve out exceptions for aid shipments held up a final decision on the blacklisting, multiple sources said.

The Houthi group is the de facto authority in northern Yemen and aid agencies have to work with it to deliver assistance. Aid workers and supplies also come in through Houthi-controlled Sanaa airport and Hodeidah port.

"This serves no interest at all," Ryan Crocker, a retired U.S. ambassador who served in the Middle East, said of the designation. "The Houthis are an integral part of Yemeni society...This is making a strategic enemy out of a local force that has been part of Yemen for generations."

The Houthis deny being puppets of Iran and say they are fighting a corrupt system.

(Reporting by Aziz El Yakoubi in Riyadh and Matt Spetalnick in Washington; Additional reporting by Michelle Nichols in New York, Kanishka Singh in Bengaluru, Lisa Barrington, Parisa Hafezi and Hadeel Al Sayegh in Dubai; Writing by Humeyra Pamuk and Ghaida Ghantous; Editing by Daniel Wallis, Simon Cameron-Moore, Alex Richardson, William Maclean)

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