GM shakes up lithium industry with California geothermal project
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[July 02, 2021] By
Ernest Scheyder
(Reuters) - General Motors Co is investing in a U.S. lithium project
that could become the country's largest by 2024, making the automaker
one of the first to develop its own source of a battery metal crucial
for the electrification of cars and trucks.
The deal, announced on Friday, comes as automakers around the world
scramble for access to lithium and other electric vehicle (EV) metals as
internal combustion engines are phased out.
Detroit-based GM said it will make a "multimillion-dollar investment" in
and help develop Controlled Thermal Resources (CTR) Ltd's Hell's Kitchen
geothermal brine project near California's Salton Sea, roughly 160 miles
(258 km) southeast of Los Angeles.
"This will supply a sizeable amount of our lithium needs," said Tim
Grewe, GM's director of electrification strategy.
The company declined to be more specific on its investment amount, but
said the project's lithium will be used to build EVs in the United
States and that GM engineers and scientists will visit the site once
pandemic-related travel restrictions end.
While other automakers, including China's Great Wall Motor Co and BYD,
have invested in lithium producers before, none appear to have taken
such an aggressive step to be part of the production process, as GM is
taking with CTR.
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The move could spark other automakers to follow suit with similar
partnerships, especially as demand for the metal is expected to outstrip
supply by 20% within four years, according to industry consultant
Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.
The Hell's Kitchen project could be producing 60,000 tonnes of lithium -
enough to make roughly 6 million EVs, depending on design - by mid-2024
if all goes as planned, said Rod Colwell, CTR's chief executive. The
company expects to obtain federal environmental permits by the end of
next year.
That output would make CTR's Hell's Kitchen the largest U.S. producer of
the white metal, with production roughly twice as much planned by a
rival Nevada project from Lithium Americas Corp.
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The new GM logo is seen on the facade of
the General Motors headquarters in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., March
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"There's a great window of opportunity here to develop more lithium in the
United States," Colwell said.
The announcement comes two weeks after GM boosted its electric and autonomous
vehicles budget by 75% to $35 billion.
The geothermal process involves extracting super-hot lithium-rich brine from
reservoirs 8,000 feet (2.4 km) underground and using the heat to produce
electricity, after which lithium is extracted from the brine.
The brine is then reinjected into the earth, making the process more sustainable
than open-pit mines and brine evaporation ponds, the two most-common existing
methods to produce the white metal.
Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc operates geothermal power plants at the
Salton Sea and has in the past studied ways to produce lithium there. The Salton
area is estimated to contain more than 15 million tonnes of lithium, according
to the U.S. Geological Survey.
CTR, which received California state funding last year, said its project will
emit 15 times less carbon dioxide than lithium mines in Australia, the world's
largest producer.
GM is also talking with other U.S. lithium companies for supply, including those
who plan to produce the metal from clay, brine and other geological sources,
Grewe said.
The announcement comes the day after U.S. President Joe Biden promoted a video
on his Twitter feed featuring U.S. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm and White
House National Climate Advisor Gina McCarthy driving in a GM-produced electric
Chevy Bolt.
GM said there was no connection between the tweet and Friday's announcement.
(Reporting by Ernest Scheyder; Editing by Aurora Ellis)
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