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 Five months into the campaign, and a growing battery of threats as
well as incentives, by June 2 only 18 million Russians had received
at least one dose of vaccine.
Vaccinations are even available in department stores. But at just
one-eighth of the population, that figure, the most recent
available, is far lower than in most Western countries.
The hold-outs have proved impervious not only to cash payments and
chances to win a car or even an apartment, but also to loss of
earnings and threats of dismissal.
And unlike most countries, Russia is not short of vaccines, having
approved four domestically made shots, and finding willing buyers
around the world for the most widely available, Sputnik V.
The city of Moscow, where daily infections hit an all-time high on
Friday, this week took one of the most radical steps anywhere by
making vaccination compulsory for all service sector workers. On
Friday, it said people who had not been vaccinated would be refused
non-emergency hospital treatment.
FEAR AND SUSPICION
Russians often cite a general fear of new medical products as their
reason for refusing the vaccination - not helped by a general
distrust of authorities and negative media reports about
foreign-made vaccines - and the fact that more than 5 million people
have already been infected and developed resistance.
Peskov rejected the idea that distrust was pervasive, blaming the
surge on the low vaccination level, the virus's mutations, and
"total nihilism".
But the hesitancy is a fact.
"This product is the most in-demand in the world right now," said
the head of one Russian vaccine manufacturer.
"But here it's like: 'Why did you give me this damned caviar, when I
wanted bread?'."
Moscow - which recorded more than 9,000 new cases on Friday, over
half the national total - has had to reintroduce curbs that had been
scrapped, including ordering bars and restaurants to shut by 11 p.m.
It has also taken the dramatic step of making vaccination mandatory
for a range of people in public-facing jobs - from hairdressers and
taxi drivers to bank tellers and teachers.
Several regions have followed Moscow's lead and made vaccination
compulsory for workers in certain sectors, but most are for now
using an eclectic mix of tactics to get the numbers up.
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 A few weeks ago, a museum
employee in the Belgorod region came to work to
find buses waiting to take them to a concert
hall in the centre of town.
"The hall was full of people who worked in the
culture sector and had refused (to be
vaccinated)," said the employee, whose account
was echoed by a worker at another museum.
There, they were addressed by a doctor and an
official who spoke at length about the
importance of vaccination. The
official said anyone who wanted to could get a COVID-19 shot on the
way out.
CARROT AND STICK
Two flight attendants at the state airline Aeroflot said there had
been no direct pressure to get shots, but that people who had not
been vaccinated were now only permitted 60 hours of flight time per
month, compared to 90 for vaccinated people - with a corresponding
reduction in pay. Aeroflot declined to comment.
Several members of the armed services said the pressure there was
more explicit. "We were all forced to have the
vaccination at the start of the year," said Denis, a 43-year-old
military pilot. "What choice do we have? They don't intimidate you,
but they do insist."
In Belgorod, a worker at a large farm, part of one of the largest
agro-industrial holdings in Russia, said workers who refused to be
vaccinated had been required to explain themselves in writing, and
threatened with dismissal.
But in many areas, stick has gone hand-in-hand with carrot.
In Moscow, pensioners have been offered 1,000 roubles' ($14) worth
of goods from grocery shops and pharmacies as an incentive to have
the vaccination. People were also entered into a lottery that had
five cars as prizes every week.
In the city of Ufa, getting vaccinated got you a lottery ticket that
could even win you an apartment.
But so far, nothing has really worked.
"Take off your masks," the doctor lecturing museum employees told
them sarcastically. "I want you all to get sick, I'll earn more
money that way."
($1 = 72.5900 roubles)
(Reporting by Polina Nikolskaya and Anton Zverev; Additional
reporting by Katya Golubkova, Olesya Ostakhova and Gleb Stolyarov;
Writing by Polina Ivanova; Editing by Kevin Liffey)
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