Analysis: From land of promise to pariah state - Myanmar coup rattles
foreign firms
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[March 09, 2021]
By John Geddie and Joe Brock
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Shortly after the
military seized power, 55 foreign investors in Myanmar from Coca Cola to
Facebook signed a statement committing to the country and employees
there during developments of "deep concern".
A month on, those pledges are being sorely tested with Myanmar's economy
all but paralysed by massive anti-coup protests, widespread strikes and
the junta's killing of dozens of protesters drawing calls for boycotts
and sanctions.
A sudden about-turn from Australia's Woodside Petroleum, one of the
signatories to the statement, exemplifies the challenges. It said on
Feb. 27 it was reducing its presence in the country amid concerns about
violence and would pull its offshore exploration team - just one week
after saying drilling would not be affected.
This week, fashion giant H&M, which has around 45 direct suppliers in
Myanmar and is also a signatory to the statement, said it had paused new
orders from the country due to transport and manufacturing disruptions.
H&M is not, however, taking any immediate decision on its long-term
future in Myanmar.
"We fully recognise the complexities ... in balancing different aspects
to ensure that the people in Myanmar are not negatively affected," said
Serkan Tanka, Myanmar country manager at H&M.
One large global firm has already made a dramatic exit. Kirin Holdings
Co is winding up a beer alliance with a military-linked company after
coming under pressure from activist groups.
Escalating violence, which has seen more than 50 protesters killed, is
only adding to the uncertainty facing companies anxious about
reputational risk.
"If this goes on for months, more would probably just totally leave,"
said Murray Hiebert, senior associate of the Southeast Asia programme at
the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
RISKY BUSINESS
Operating in Myanmar has long been a wrestle between high risk and
potential high reward for foreign business.
The opening up of one of Asia's last frontier markets in 2011 after half
a century of military rule led to a surge in foreign direct investment.
Net inflows peaked at $4.7 billion in 2017 compared with $900 million in
2010, according to the World Bank.
But even before the coup, firms were grappling with crumbling
infrastructure, constant power disruptions, legal uncertainty and an
economy controlled in large parts by the military.
While all foreign firms will be assessing and will be assessed over
their next moves, energy companies - some of the longest standing
foreign investors in Myanmar - are particularly likely to come under
further pressure.
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Tear gas and fire extinguisher gas surround demonstrators as they
run away from police during a protest against the military coup in
Naypyitaw, Myanmar, March 8, 2021. REUTERS/Stringer/File Photo
The United Nation's human rights investigator on Myanmar, Tom
Andrews, said in a report last week that countries should impose
sanctions on Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), which is now
controlled by the military and represents its largest source of
revenue.
Total, which has been in Myanmar since 1992, and Chevron have a
large offshore gas project in partnership with MOGE. A Chevron
spokesperson said it will comply with all applicable laws and
sanctions. Total declined comment on the threat of sanctions.
Telecom and internet companies too are in a difficult position as
they deal with intermittent shutdowns of services and new amendments
to cyber laws that threaten human rights.
Norway's Telenor, which has a mobile licence in Myanmar, said on
Monday that the amendments broaden the powers of the military and
reduce civil liberties, calling for the restoration of a sound legal
framework in Myanmar.
Facebook on Feb. 2 banned the Myanmar military from using its
Facebook and Instagram platforms.
Just how corporates should respond to Myanmar's challenges is a
matter of hot debate.
Chris Sidoti, an expert on Myanmar who was part of a U.N.-led
fact-finding mission in 2019, says all foreign firms should suspend
their businesses in Myanmar because the military has taken over
every facet of government.
Rights group Burma Campaign UK has called on Western brands to be
diligent with who they work with but not to abandon Myanmar workers.
Nearly half a million people in Myanmar are employed in factories
producing textiles for retailers like H&M, Adidas, Gap and Zara.
John Bray, director at business consultancy Control Risks, said that
pressure on firms in Myanmar needed to be guided by an assessment of
"complicity".
"If you are providing a service for the Myanmar people, which they
are paid for and which promotes the development of the economy, I
don't think you're complicit in what is going on in the streets,"
said Bray.
(Reporting by John Geddie and Joe Brock; Editing by Edwina Gibbs)
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