Analysis: U.S. sanctions on Russia will send a signal, if not deter
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[March 22, 2021]
By Arshad Mohammed, Daphne Psaledakis and Patricia Zengerle
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. sanctions may
not deter Russia from its alleged election meddling and cyber hacking in
the short term but will signal Washington's renewed willingness to hold
the Kremlin publicly to account for acts it views as malign.
President Joe Biden has vowed Russian President Vladimir Putin will "pay
a price" and is expected to impose sanctions as soon as this week that
could range from freezing the U.S. assets of Russians to curbing
Moscow's ability to issue sovereign debt.
Russia denies meddling in U.S. elections and orchestrating the cyber
hack that used U.S. tech company SolarWinds Corp to penetrate U.S.
government networks.
The Kremlin has also dismissed reports it offered bounties to Taliban
militants to kill U.S. troops in Afghanistan.
While the two nations' presidents quickly extended the New START arms
control treaty, Biden has taken a much tougher stance toward Putin than
his predecessor, Donald Trump, and the U.S. and Russian leaders have
made no secret of their disagreements.
In an interview last week the new Democratic president agreed with an
interviewer who asked if he thought the Russian leader was a "killer,"
prompting Putin to respond with a Russian playground chant that "he who
said it, did it."
Analysts said sanctions were unlikely to deter Russia and it was
necessary to harden U.S. society to resist disinformation campaigns like
the one Putin likely directed to try to sway the 2020 U.S. election in
favor of Trump, a Republican, according to a U.S. intelligence
assessment released on Tuesday.
The assessment showed Russia did little to hide its hand in trying to
influence the election, suggesting such efforts may now simply be a fact
of life, said Andrew Weiss of the Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace think tank.
"That's a long-term problem for Western societies and we shouldn't
expect the administration is just magically going to solve it," he said,
adding Washington wanted "to send a message: we're watching these
activities, we're going to call them out."
A former U.S. official said that even though sanctions may not change
Moscow's behavior in the short term, there can be a benefit to drawing
clear lines about what is not acceptable.
"What they are trying to do with their Russia policy is to discourage
risk-taking by the Russians, to carve out small areas where there are
abilities to cooperate and to be very clear in specific and timely
reactions that there will always be a cost to Russian behavior," said
the former U.S. official.
"That wasn't the case under the Trump administration," the former
official said on condition of anonymity.
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Russian President Vladimir Putin takes part in a meeting with
community representatives and residents of Crimea and Sevastopol via
a video link in Moscow, Russia March 18, 2021. Sputnik/Alexei
Druzhinin/Kremlin via REUTERS
MANY SANCTIONS IN U.S. ARSENAL
Among the punitive tools in Biden's arsenal are:
- Executive Order 13848, under which the U.S. government can freeze
the U.S. assets of any foreign individual or entity found to have
directly or indirectly interfered in a U.S. election;
- Executive Orders 13757 and 13694, which enables Washington to
freeze the U.S. assets of those engaging in "cyber-enabled"
activities from abroad that threaten U.S. national security, foreign
policy, economic health or financial stability;
- Executive Order 13818, which implements the Global Magnitsky Human
Rights Accountability Act and lets Washington freeze the U.S. assets
and bar the U.S. entry of foreigners who commit human rights
violations or engage in corruption;
-- the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare
Elimination Act of 1991, which, among other things, authorizes the
president to bar U.S. banks from lending to a country that used
chemical weapons.
Under pressure from Congress after the British government accused
Russia of using the Novichok nerve agent to try to kill former spy
Sergei Skripal, Trump in 2019 prohibited U.S. banks from
participating in the primary market for Russia's non-rouble
sovereign debt.
Biden could go further by applying such restrictions to rouble-denominated
debt or by extending them to the secondary market, though this would
be a big step.
The Kremlin has accused British intelligence agencies of staging the
Skripal attack to stoke anti-Russian hysteria.
Speaking on condition of anonymity, a congressional aide played down
the effectiveness of U.S. sanctions in general and said Russian
sovereign debt restrictions were not likely to have much effect "on
Putin's calculations on the use of poison."
However, Dan Fried, a former top U.S. diplomat for Europe, described
Putin as "a rational actor within his own frame of reference (who)
calculates risks and benefits."
"If he sees that there will be a strong and organized response from
the West, that will enter into his calculations," Fried said. "We
know from Soviet history that sustained pressure over time, combined
with internal stagnation ... both political and economic can lead to
a strategic reassessment by Russia's leaders."
(Reporting By Arshad Mohammed, Daphne Psaledakis and Patricia
Zengerle; Writing by Arshad Mohammed; Editing by Daniel Wallis)
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