G20 split over coal, 1.5 degree climate limit ahead of Rome summit
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[October 21, 2021]
By Gavin Jones and Stephen Jewkes
ROME (Reuters) -The Group of 20 rich
countries are divided over phasing out coal and committing to limit
global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius as they prepare for a crucial
summit in Rome next week, sources familiar with the negotiations said.
The need to curb greenhouse gases will be high on the agenda of the Rome
G20 gathering on Oct. 30-31, seen as a key stepping stone immediately
ahead of broader United Nations climate talks, called COP26, to be held
in Glasgow, Scotland.
COP26 president, Britain's Alok Sharma, said in a speech this month the
G20, which accounts for 80% of global emissions, would be "make or
break" for achieving success in Glasgow.
Big polluters such as China and India have so far dug in their heels,
however, and little progress has been made since G20 energy and
environment ministers met in Naples in July, said three sources, asking
not to be named due to the sensitivity of the talks.
"Countries are not moving, at the moment they are still just making sure
their positions are heard loud and clear," said one of the sources.
But he added that such intransigence was normal at this stage and that
any concessions were unlikely to come before G20 climate sherpas meet
face-to-face next Thursday and Friday, immediately before their leaders'
weekend meeting.
"Where I see the problem is in the commitment to 1.5 degrees and in the
phase out of coal and fossil fuels by China, India and Russia," said
another source, a G20 minister.
In a letter to G20 president, Italy's Mario Draghi, nine countries
including Grenada and the Marshall Islands, both vulnerable to storms
and rising seas, urged G20 nations to hike their climate pledges to "set
the tone" for COP26.
Climate scientists say capping global warming at 1.5 degrees compared
with pre-industrial levels is vital to limit environmental disasters,
but a broad and clear commitment to achieve the goal is proving elusive.
The landmark UN Paris Agreement signed in 2015 aimed to limit global
warming to "well below 2 degrees" and "preferably" to 1.5 degrees, and
since then international gatherings have tried with difficulty to
toughen up the language.
In Naples, energy and environment ministers recognised that
environmental risks were lower at 1.5 degrees than at 2, but again fell
short of clearly stating 1.5 must not be breached.
They also failed to reach unanimous agreement on fixing dates to end
fossil fuel subsidies, halt international financing of coal projects and
phase out coal power altogether, asking leaders to bridge the gaps at
the upcoming Rome summit.
Coal still powers more than half the electricity generated by China, the
world's largest energy producer and also the largest greenhouse gas
emitter.
The country has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2060 but has not
committed to a date for halting domestic coal production.
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A demonstrator holds up a sign as he attends a Fridays for Future
climate strike in Milan, Italy ahead of Glasgow's COP26 meeting.
Picture taken on October 1, 2021. REUTERS/Flavio Lo Scalzo/File
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At least four G20 leaders are not expected to come to Rome,
including China's Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin of Russia, another
major oil and gas producer.
One source said while such absences were "not a great political
signal," they would not necessarily prevent progress.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be coming to Rome,
officials said, and New Delhi confirmed on Thursday that he will
also be at the COP26 in Glasgow.
Neither Russia, China nor India have committed to achieving net zero
carbon emissions by 2050, considered a vital goal in limiting global
warming to 1.5 degrees.
So far China is proving most reluctant to commit to the 1.5 degree
ceiling, while India is most intransigent in not pledging net zero
emissions by 2050, one of the sources said.
China and India are also among a group of countries that have not
yet presented new national plans, known as Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs) ahead of COP26, on how they will help curb
climate change.
A number of countries including the two Asian giants this week
criticised rich nations that have broken their own promises to cut
CO2 and deliver financial help to weaker countries to battle climate
change. In this situation it is unfair to expect poorer peers to
commit to tougher emissions targets, they said.
One of the sources said breakthroughs were more likely in Glasgow
than in Rome.
Big emitters like China, India and Russia tend to feel pressured and
hectored by the Western countries at the G20, he said, making them
defensive and reluctant to concede ground.
The much larger UN forum was more "neutral" and conducive to
compromise, he said.
The Rome G20 will also focus on the coronavirus pandemic and how to
foster global economic recovery, Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi,
who will chair the meeting, said on Wednesday.
(Writing by Gavin Jones; Editing by David Evans and Catherine Evans)
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