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 That compares to 70% protection with a single dose.
The data will help J&J make its case to U.S. regulators for a
booster shot even as the company stresses the durability of its
single-shot vaccine as a tool to ease the global pandemic.
President Joe Biden is pushing for booster shots in the face of
surging hospitalizations caused by the Delta variant and J&J, the
only drugmaker with a single-shot COVID-19 vaccine approved in the
United States, has been under pressure to produce evidence on the
effectiveness of an additional dose.
The company has now "generated evidence that a booster shot further
increases protection against COVID-19," Dr. Paul Stoffels, J&J’s
chief scientific officer, said in a statement.
J&J said a booster given two months after the first dose increased
antibody levels four to six-fold. When given six months after the
first dose, antibody levels shot up twelve-fold, data released last
month showed, suggesting a large improvement in protection with the
longer interval between doses.
Side effects with two doses were comparable to those seen in studies
with the single-dose vaccine. The data is yet to be peer reviewed
but will be submitted for publication in the coming months.
To date, only Pfizer Inc/BioNTech SE have submitted sufficient data
for U.S. regulators to evaluate whether boosters are warranted ahead
of the Biden Administration's Sept. 20 deadline for rolling out
booster shots. A decision on that vaccine https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-boosters-pfize/regulators-could-ok-pfizer-boosters-for-older-americans-this-week-idUSKBN2GG0KQ
is expected this week.
On Friday, an FDA advisory committee voted to recommend emergency
authorization of additional Pfizer shots for Americans 65 and older
and those at high risk of severe illness, but voted to recommend
against broader approval, saying they want to see more data.
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J&J said it has submitted data to the FDA and plans to submit it to
other regulators, the World Health Organization and other vaccine
advisory groups worldwide to inform their decision-making.
The Phase III two-dose trial of up to 30,000 participants tested the
effectiveness of a second dose given 56 days after the first in
adults 18 and older.
While the study found that two doses of the J&J vaccine was 94%
effective in the United States at preventing moderate to severe
disease, there was only 1 case in the vaccine group and 14 in the
placebo group, resulting in a wide confidence interval and raising
questions about the certainty of the result.
The study had a short follow-up period of around 36 days, but found
that a second dose was well tolerated, the company said.
The company also said on Tuesday that evidence from a separate real
world study of nearly 400,000 people in the United States who got
the J&J shot showed the vaccine was 79% effective at preventing
COVID-19 infections and 81% effective at preventing hospitalizations
compared with 1.52 million people of similar ages, genders and
health issues who were unvaccinated.
J&J said there was no evidence of reduced effectiveness over the
study's duration from March to late July - a period that included
the impact of the Delta variant.
Vaccine effectiveness in the real world study varied by age. For
those under age 60, the vaccine was 86% effective at preventing
hospitalization versus 78% for those 60 and older.
(Reporting by Julie Steenhuysen; Editing by Edwina Gibbs)
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