'Narco-deforestation' in focus at upcoming summit of Amazon nations
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[August 03, 2023]
By Jake Spring and Gabriel Stargardter
SAO PAULO (Reuters) - When the presidents of Amazon nations including
Brazil, Peru and Colombia meet at a regional summit next week, they will
train their sights on a new breed of criminal just as comfortable
chopping down the rainforest as shipping drugs overseas.
"Narco-deforestation," as it was referred to in a United Nations report
last month, represents a new target for law enforcement operating in the
Amazon rainforest, where the lines between specialist criminal outfits
are increasingly blurred.
The eight member countries of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
(ACTO), who are due to meet in the northeastern Brazilian city of Belem
for an Aug. 8-9 summit, are expected to reach an agreement to cooperate
on combating such crimes, said Carlos Lazary, the organization's
executive director.
"We're worried about the Amazon," Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula
da Silva, who proposed the summit on the campaign trail, said in a
speech last month. "It's there that organized crime, drug trafficking
and everything illegal is fomented."
Boosted by bumper Andean coca harvests and record-breaking cocaine
demand in Europe, the Amazon has in recent years become a
drug-trafficking thoroughfare. Illicit cargos easily pass through the
vast, sparsely populated and thinly policed region on boats, planes or
even submarines on their way to the Atlantic Ocean.
With booming profits, many of the drug gangs in the Amazon are now
laundering the money through illegal land speculation, logging, mining
and other means, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime warned in
its annual World Drug Report.
Charles Nascimento, a Brazilian Federal Police officer and veteran of
the Amazon drugs beat, said criminal groups often use existing drug
routes to get illegally harvested gold and wood to market.
"Many people who work in wildcat mines also work as traffickers and vice
versa," he said. "It's like they feed off of each other."
This increasing criminal cross-pollination has prompted police to expand
a recurring Amazon anti-narcotics operation between Peru and Brazil,
scheduled for later this year, to also target environmental crimes,
Nascimento said.
REMOTE MURDERS
The 2022 murders of indigenous expert Bruno Pereira and British
journalist Dom Phillips, allegedly at the hands of a poaching ring with
organized crime connections, prompted Lula to increase policing in
remote areas, Nascimento said.
Lula - who has staked his international reputation on ending the rampant
deforestation that surged under his far-right predecessor Jair Bolsonaro
- has reeled off a flurry of measures to combat environmental crime
since taking office on Jan. 1.
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View of destroyed illegal gold mining
camps after a police operation in La Pampa, in the southern Amazon
region of Madre de Dios, Peru August 11, 2015. REUTERS/Sebastian
Castaneda/File Photo
The most important has been the creation of a specialized Federal
Police directorate focused on the Amazon and environmental crime.
His administration has also proposed a center for international
police cooperation in the Amazon's largest city of Manaus, which may
factor into the final agreement at the summit, ACTO's Lazary said.
Neighboring countries - as well as agencies in developed countries
importing illegal wood and gold - will be invited to send permanent
representatives to the center to help coordinate investigations,
said Valdecy Urquiza, head of the Federal Police's international
cooperation directorate.
At a meeting of international police in Belem a day before next
week's presidential summit, Brazil will also promote plans to share
lab technology that can pinpoint whether wood and good is illegally
sourced, Urquiza said.
Databases of gold and wood samples taken from around the Amazon -
which use molecular analysis to identify the specific locations of
the source - can help police determine if seized goods originated in
an area where it is illegal to mine, such as in Indigenous reserves,
Urquiza said.
Brazil - which will host the global COP30 climate change summit in
Belem in 2025 - has begun to train police in Latin America and
Europe on these methods.
Past international meetings and agreements have largely failed to
generate much cooperation between wary national police forces in the
Amazon, said Robert Muggah, lead author of the U.N. report's chapter
on organized crime in the Amazon.
Amazon countries signed a strongly worded commitment to cooperate on
environmental crimes in the 2019 Leticia Declaration. But Brazil's
Bolsonaro and former Colombia President Ivan Duque excluded leftist
Venezuela, and the signatories failed to follow through with
concrete actions, Muggah said. South America's swing left under Lula
and Colombia's Gustavo Petro may help improve cooperation, he added.
"Crime is among the top, if not the top issue confronting the
protection of a standing forest in the Amazon," he said. "It should
be concerning to our decision-makers."
(Reporting by Jake Spring in Sao Paulo and Gabriel Stargardter in
Rio de Janeiro; Editing by Brad Haynes and Rosalba O'Brien)
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