Behind Niger's coup, a feud over the former president's legacy
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[August 07, 2023]
By Moussa Aksar, David Lewis and David Gauthier-Villars
NIAMEY (Reuters) - Niger's coup was the culmination of months of
acrimony between President Mohamed Bazoum and his chief guard over the
leader's attempts to emerge from the shadow of his predecessor, people
familiar with the matter said.
Since taking over from his political godfather Mahamadou Issoufou in
2021, Bazoum had sought to stamp his authority on the West African
country by sidelining a number of senior people in both the military and
public administration.
That assertive drive became his Achilles heel.
When the head of his powerful presidential guard, General Abdourahamane
Tiani, feared he was next for the chop, he turned on his boss, confident
other military commanders would eventually fall in line, the people
familiar with the matter said.
This account of how Niger's coup unfolded is based on 15 interviews with
Nigerien security officials, politicians, as well as current and former
Western government officials.
Neither Tiani or Bazoum could be reached for comment. In his first
address following the July 26 coup, Tiani said he had ousted the
president for the good of the country.
Since coming to power, Bazoum had reinforced military cooperation with
France and the United States, curbed the autonomy of Nigerien army
commanders and launched anti-corruption programs that targeted some of
Issoufou's proteges, notably in the oil sector, making enemies in the
process.
Tiani, who was head of Issoufou's guard for a decade and helped thwart a
coup days before Bazoum took over, stayed on in his role under the new
president, commanding the most powerful and best-equipped force based in
the capital Niamey.
But in recent months, Bazoum had curtailed the size of the presidential
guard, which was about 700-strong at the time of the coup, and started
to scrutinize its budget.
Keen to save his own skin, Tiani, a man who had worked his way up
through the ranks and was named general by Issoufou, had sounded out a
select few commanders about his coup plans to ensure other branches of
the military would not oppose him, two people with knowledge of the coup
plotter's thinking said.
Reuters was unable to determine which commanders had been briefed by
Tiani.
Tiani also waited until large numbers of troops had been dispatched from
Niamey to Diffa, a 20-hour drive away on the southeastern fringes of
Niger, to participate in Independence Day celebrations scheduled for
Aug. 3, the two people said.
COLLISION COURSE
Indeed, on July 27, a day after Tiani's presidential guard sequestered
Bazoum at his residence, Niger's army command said it had rallied behind
the coup to avoid a deadly confrontation between different forces.
Spokespeople for the junta and the army command did not reply to
messages seeking comment.
Any lingering internal resistance to Tiani becoming head of state
fizzled, though the country's new administration is still on a collision
course with the 15-member Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
The fifth coup in Niger in the past 50 years is a blow to former
colonial ruler France and the United States, which together have more
than 2,000 troops in the country and use it as a base to launch attacks
on jihadists in the vast and volatile Sahel.
It follows military takeovers in neighboring Mali and Burkina Faso over
the last three years that have forced France to pull out thousands of
troops – some had been repositioned to Niger - and let Russia increase
its influence in the region.
It was unclear from the Reuters interviews whether Tiani had discussed
his plans with Issoufou, a towering political figure in West Africa who
retains enormous influence in Niger.
Issoufou was elected in 2011, a year after a previous military coup. He
won plaudits for stepping aside in 2021 after two terms, paving the way
for the first democratic transition to a new leader in Niger since
independence.
Speculation that Issoufou knew of Tiani's intentions swirled around the
capital after the coup because he remained silent for several days.
Issoufou had become increasingly frustrated with Bazoum's efforts to
chart his own course, several people familiar with the matter said. Two
allies of Issoufou recalled hearing the former president complain about
Bazoum's unwillingness to take his suggestions on board for running the
country, and its oil sector in particular.
Reuters was unable to reach Issoufou for comment. A person close to the
former president said he initially refrained from talking publicly about
the rebellion because he was trying to mediate between Tiani and Bazoum.
The person, who declined to be identified, denied Issoufou had anything
to do with the coup and pointed to the junta's decision to arrest his
son, the oil and energy minister, on July 31, as evidence the former
president did not collude with Tiani.
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French President Emmanuel Macron
welcomes Niger President Mahamadou Issoufou to attend a summit on
the situation in the Sahel region in the southern French city of
Pau, France, January 13, 2020. REUTERS/Regis Duvignau/Pool/File
Photo
On July 30, four days into the coup, Issoufou broke his silence,
saying in social media posts he was involved in a mediation effort,
and calling for Bazoum to be reinstated.
Issoufou has not since provided any information about his efforts.
SAFE ROOM
For Bazoum, July 26 started as a typical day. He had breakfast at
his residence, which is inside the compound of the presidential
guard in central Niamey, according to one of numerous current and
former Western officials who spoke to the president by phone
afterwards.
Bazoum was about to head to his nearby office when he noticed
something was off: Tiani's soldiers had surrounded his house. The
president hurried to the residence's safe room, equipped with secure
communications, the person said.
After several hours, when it became clear no one was coming to
rescue him, Bazoum rejoined his family in the main part of the
residence, which was still surrounded, the person said.
Shortly after detaining Bazoum, Tiani instructed Salifou Mody, a
general who had been stripped of his role as chief of staff of the
Niger Armed Forces by the president in April, to liaise with other
branches of the security services and secure their support, four
people familiar with the matter said.
Mody was named Niger's envoy to the United Arab Emirates in June, an
appointment widely seen as a demotion, though he never left Niger to
take up his new role.
It was not clear whether Mody, who is listed as a deputy to Tiani on
the junta's organigram, was among the very few commanders briefed
ahead of the coup.
Reuters was unable to reach Mody for comment.
The same morning, as news of the putsch spread across Niamey, former
president Issoufou contacted Tiani, offering to serve as a mediator,
two people familiar with the matter said.
He then met with Bazoum and shared his impression that Tiani had
succumbed to a "mood swing", something he could help resolve, the
person close to Issoufou said.
SIEGE LIFTED
Meantime, with Niger's prime minister out of the country, Foreign
Minister Hassoumi Massaoudou took the lead in trying to free Bazoum,
people familiar with the matter said. He did not respond to messages
seeking comment.
Around noon on July 26, a post on a social media account of the
Nigerien presidency said Bazoum and his family were well - and that
the army and national guard were ready to attack the rebellious
soliders if they didn't stand down.
Soon after, several hundred supporters of Bazoum gathered at a
square in central Niamey and later marched towards the presidential
palace. The protesters called for the mutineers to release the
president and return to their barracks.
Later that day, National Guard troops took up positions around the
compound where Bazoum was held.
But at about 9 p.m., the mutineers released a video on state
television. Wearing a blue military jacket and flanked by nine
officers, a little-known colonel, Amadou Abdramane, said Bazoum had
been removed from power, all institutions of the republic suspended
and Niger's borders closed.
Almost all the different branches of Niger's security apparatus had
a member in the group, including the police, army, air force and
presidential guard. Ahmad Sidien, second-in-command of the National
Guard, was also present.
The following day, the Nigerien military command announced it was
siding with the junta and the National Guard dropped its siege of
the presidential guard compound - as Tiani had hoped would happen.
Tiani, who had chosen to remain in the background until he had
secured public support from the other commanders, according to the
two people with knowledge of the plot, appeared on television on
July 28.
In a short address, he said the junta's motivation was to safeguard
the homeland, blaming Niger's government for failing to address
security problems.
But with ECOWAS threatening to unleash military action if the coup
is not overturned by Sunday, Tiani may soon face an altogether
different threat.
(Reporting by Moussa Aksar in Niamey, David Lewis in Nairobi and
David Gauthier-Villars in Istanbul; Additional reporting by Michel
Rose in Paris and Edward McAllister in Dakar; Editing by Alexandra
Zavis and David Clarke)
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