Fed decoupling boosts emerging market stocks, cools currencies
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[August 08, 2023] By
Karin Strohecker and Jorgelina do Rosario
LONDON (Reuters) - Investors are eyeing gains in emerging markets stocks
and a cooling of their currencies amid an unprecedented global
decoupling in the direction of interest rates.
While the U.S. Federal Reserve has delivered aggressive interest rate
hikes since March 2022, major emerging market countries like Brazil,
Chile and Hungary have kickstarted rate cutting cycles to spur their
economies.
It is not just the early aggressive hikers in Latin America and emerging
Europe who are easing - Vietnam and China have also delivered rate cuts
in recent months.
Inflation is coming down rapidly in many developing nations who are
unwilling to wait until the Fed - or the European Central Bank or Bank
of England - are done with tightening. But this time round the breadth
of the easing push is unprecedented.
"We have never seen this on a kind of global level," said Dominic Bokor-Ingram,
senior portfolio manager for emerging and frontier markets at Fiera
Capital.
"So, individual instances - we've seen lots of decoupling from the Fed,
but we have never been able to add up emerging markets and add up
developed markets, and come to this conclusion," he said, predicting
that emerging equities would benefit from the cost of risk coming down.
An analysis of instances over the last two decades when policy makers in
select developing economies eased but the Fed didn't, shows equities in
the developing countries usually benefited, according to UBS strategist
Manik Narain.
In the first six months after the start of what Narain calls an "early"
emerging market easing cycle, equities "historically saw strong and
front-loaded" returns - on average 7% in local currency terms - when
exports growth crossed 10% year on year.
However, historic data showed that local government bonds could be
poised to give stocks a run for their money, with 10-year benchmark
issues seeing yields decline by 80 basis points in the six month after
emerging central banks kicked off easing, translating into total returns
of 8%-9%, Narain calculated. Currencies typically struggled, with spot
FX return a negative 0.7% on average.
Many emerging currencies - especially in Latin America - have enjoyed a
stellar run in the first half of the year, though are in the red this
month.
WAVE OF EASING
The policy turnaround began in May, when Hungary's central bank lowered
its overnight interest rate to 17% from 18%, its first cut in three
years. It cut the rate by another full percentage point in July.
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The U.S. Federal Reserve building in
Washington, D.C./File Photo
Latin America's major central banks, which have led some of the most
aggressive tightening over the last two years, are now reducing the
level of monetary policy restrictiveness amid clear signs of slowing
inflation.
Chile became in July the first major central bank in the region to
cut interest rates by 100 basis points, following the footsteps of
smaller peers Costa Rica and Uruguay. And Brazil's central bank
followed with a larger-than-expected 50 basis point cut, taking its
benchmark rate to 13.25%.
Brazil's 12-month inflation fell to 3.19% in mid-July, below the
central bank's target of 3.25%, leading economists to forecast
deeper rate cuts to come.
"Headline inflation is crashing lower in different countries at
different points in the cycle," Paul Greer, portfolio manager of
emerging markets debt and FX at Fidelity International, told
Reuters.
Colombia and Peru will cut rates in the next two months, according
to Greer, and Hungary will cut again. Czech Republic and Poland
could follow suit.
However, some countries probably won't cut until "there is a green
light from the Fed of no further hikes," Greer added, with Israel,
Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia on that list.
Mexico is part of the same cohort. Bank of Mexico's Jonathan Heath
recently said that the bank will keep its benchmark rate steady at
11.25%. Heath added that the Fed's decisions have been "very
relevant" to the Mexican central bank's board.
The Fed set the benchmark overnight interest rate in the 5.25%-5.50%
range at its latest hike in July, leaving the door open to another
rise in September.
Amid increased disinflation prospects globally, Martin Castellano,
Head of LatAm research for the Institute of International Finance (IIF)
reckons the discrepancy between U.S. and emerging market monetary
policy action will be temporary.
"It should not take too long for everybody to be on the same page,"
he said.
(Reporting by Jorgelina do Rosario and Karin Strohecker, editing by
Christina Fincher)
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