Highly trained dogs take on mission of finding Hawaii fire victims
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[August 16, 2023]
By Brad Brooks
(Reuters) - A year of intense training to discern the difference between
human and animal remains is a must for the specialized search dogs
deployed to work on Maui following last week's deadly wildfires.
But it also takes a dog born with the particular personality needed for
the job to find remains of the missing and help bring closure for
anguished families, said Mary Cablk, an expert in detection and systems
at the Desert Research Institute in Nevada, who has trained hundreds of
canines, designed training programs for handlers and still goes out on
dozens of searches a year with her own dogs.
"Dogs that really want to play, that are obsessive about their toy, that
are confident and agile, that are not afraid of loud noises or weird
surfaces, bring a lot to the table," she said. Cablk is not involved in
the Maui recovery operation.
The wildfires that ravaged Maui last week killed at least 101 people,
officials say, making it the deadliest U.S. fire in a century.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) urban search rescue
teams had 20 dogs on the ground as of Monday supporting state and local
officials combing through the ashes.
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Jeremy Greenberg, FEMA's director of operations, said on a call with
reporters on Monday that the treacherous conditions on Maui meant that
the search is difficult.
Greenberg underscored that while searchers understand that families are
desperate to know the fate of missing loved ones, they must "conduct
that search in a safe and respectful manner."
DIFFICULT TERRAIN
Each cadaver dog, which can undergo a year of intense lessons before
being ready for missions, can search up to a couple dozen homes' burned
down "footprints" each day. That number varies depending on conditions.
Hawaii's government has said that at least 2,200 structures were
destroyed in the fires, 86% of which were residential buildings.
Dogs that will work fire scenes are trained to detect burnt flesh - and
can distinguish human remains from those of pets and other animals. In
the aftermath of a fire, the dogs are taught not to become excited and
run back and forth from remains they have found to a handler, which
could damage a scene. Cadaver dogs working fires will simply lay down
once they have found something, Cablk said.
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![](../images/081623PIX/news_u18.jpg)
Members of FEMA Urban Search and Rescue
teams Washington Task Force 1 and Nevada Task Force 1 continue
searching through destroyed neighborhoods in the Maui city of
Lahaina, Hawaii, U.S. August 13, 2023. Dominick Del Vecchio/FEMA/Handout
via REUTERS.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Aug/16/images/ads/current/debbiesflora_lda_081123.png)
Dogs are also now being trained not to enter the "footprint" of a
burned down house at all, but to signal to handlers that they have
hit upon remains without approaching them.
That training came from lessons learned in deadly wildfires in
California in recent years, such as the Paradise, California Camp
Fire in which 86 were killed.
"It used to be that people would just go in and they would look,
they would rake, they would shovel, and it made the job of the
forensic anthropologists more difficult.
"You ended up with remains that were more difficult to identify. And
where you had multiple individuals together, those bones got
commingled, making the job of investigators even more difficult,"
Cablk said.
Just as teaching hospitals to use cadavers to teach medical
students, Cablk said, trainers use human flesh and blood to train
dogs. Some countries don't allow human remains in such training, and
in those places dogs are taught using animal remains, making rescues
more difficult.
Cadaver dogs are trained to associate the scent of human remains
with a reward, typically a chew toy, Cablk said. If the dog
successfully locates remains, it gets to play with the toy.
"That's the dog's paycheck," Cablk said. "Handlers will carry the
reward toy with them, and many dogs, in fact, will come around to
the back of the handler and check to make sure that the toy is in
their pack."
(Reporting by Brad Brooks in Longmont, Colorado; Editing by Donna
Bryson and Stephen Coates)
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