Nuclear warnings serve Putin's purpose as he bids for new term
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[December 12, 2023]
By Mark Trevelyan
LONDON (Reuters) - The prospect of six more years in power for Russian
President Vladimir Putin is likely to mean no let-up in nuclear tensions
with the United States, as time runs out on the last remaining treaty
that limits the number of warheads each side can deploy.
Putin has boasted since launching his 2022 invasion of Ukraine that
Russia has the world's most advanced nuclear arms and said it could wipe
out any aggressor.
On Monday, three days after announcing he would stand for re-election in
March, he presided at a flag-raising ceremony for two new submarines
including the Emperor Alexander III, which last month tested a
nuclear-capable Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile.
While denying that Moscow is "brandishing" nuclear weapons and resisting
calls to adopt a more aggressive doctrine on their possible use, he has
placed his nuclear forces on raised alert and announced the deployment
of tactical nuclear missiles in Belarus, his neighbour and ally.
Last month he signed a law revoking Russia's ratification of the global
treaty that bans nuclear testing, although Moscow says it will not carry
out a test - which would be its first since the 1991 collapse of the
Soviet Union - unless the United States does so.
Some security analysts say nuclear weapons have assumed greater
importance in Putin's thinking and rhetoric as his conventional forces
have struggled in Ukraine and as Western countries have weaned
themselves off Russian energy, weakening his ability to exert pressure
by cutting off oil and gas.
The Kremlin leader has no interest in talking to Washington about
reducing nuclear risk, analysts say, because Moscow believes it is
precisely the fear that it may resort to nuclear weapons that has
deterred the United States and its allies from directly joining the war
on Ukraine's side.
"How can you reduce the risk if you continue to play the nuclear card
vis-a-vis the United States and NATO?" said former Soviet and Russian
diplomat Nikolai Sokov, a senior fellow at the Vienna Center for
Disarmament and Non-Proliferation.
"How can you discuss something to make sure that nuclear weapons are
never, ever actually used if you want to keep the threat - maybe not
really high but at least at some kind of visible and credible level?"
TICKING CLOCK
By the time Putin's expected new term gets under way next May, there
will be less than two years remaining until the New START treaty, which
limits Russia and the United States to 1,550 strategic nuclear warheads
and bombs on each side, expires on Feb. 4, 2026.
The agreement, originally due to run out in 2021, was hurriedly extended
for five years after U.S. President Joe Biden was inaugurated at the
start of that year.
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Russian President Vladimir Putin attends a flag-raising ceremony for
two nuclear-powered submarines in the northern city of Severodvinsk,
Russia, December 11, 2023. Sputnik/Kirill Iodas/Pool via REUTERS
But the prospects for a further extension, let alone a more
ambitious successor pact, look doubtful for many reasons. China's
nuclear build-up is a complicating factor, and it's not clear who
will be in charge in the White House by 2026.
Putin this year suspended Russia's participation in New START, and
Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said last month that Moscow
would not resume dialogue unless the United States dropped what he
called its "fundamentally hostile course" towards Russia - a
reference to U.S. backing for Ukraine which Biden has said is
unshakeable.
Putin has frequently talked up the potential of Russia's new weapons
systems such as the Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile and
Burevestnik cruise missile, and Ryabkov said Washington was wrong if
it thought it could win a news arms race against Russia of the kind
that U.S. President Ronald Reagan conducted in the 1980s.
But such a contest would impose strains on Russia too.
"Russia knows that an uncontrolled new nuclear arms race is
something they would not be able to afford and do not really have
the capacity to sustain. Even more so now that in most respects
Russia is much weaker as a consequence of its war against Ukraine,"
said Nigel Gould-Davies of the International Institute for Strategic
Studies in London.
He said sanctions, while they had not crippled Russia's economy,
were restricting its access to technology, citing the crash of its
moon-landing mission in August as an example of a spectacular
high-tech failure.
Sokov, the former Russian diplomat, expressed a different view,
saying Russia's research and development programmes were far cheaper
to run than those of the United States, and that Russia's economy
was in better shape than the Soviet Union's in the 1980s.
"We are heading into a new arms race anyway, actually. It will not
be a quantitative arms race in terms of changing numbers, it will be
an arms race about the quality of weapons and new types and new
capabilities," he said.
"We will be living in a situation that is less stable and the
prospects of arms control are quite bleak."
(Reporting by Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Gareth Jones)
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