Trump foes turn to Constitution's 'insurrection' ban to keep him off
2024 ballot
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[December 29, 2023]
By Andrew Goudsward
(Reuters) - Maine on Thursday became the second U.S. state to bar Donald
Trump from a Republican presidential primary ballot, part of a flurry of
legal challenges to his eligibility to run for president in 2024.
The challenges are being filed under a provision in the U.S.
Constitution banning officials who have engaged in "insurrection" from
holding public office.
Here is a look at some of the notable challenges under the provision
known as Section 3 of the 14th Amendment and where they stand:
WHAT IS SECTION 3 OF THE 14th AMENDMENT?
Passed after the U.S. Civil War, Section 3 bars anyone from holding
public office if they engaged in "insurrection or rebellion" after
previously swearing an oath in support of the United States.
The provision was enacted in 1868 to prevent former members of the
pro-slavery Confederacy from serving in the U.S government.
Advocacy groups and some anti-Trump voters have brought legal challenges
to Trump's 2024 presidential campaign in several states based on Section
3, arguing that then-president Trump engaged in insurrection when he
urged his supporters on Jan. 6, 2021, to go to Washington and stop
Congress from certifying the November 2020 election won by Democrat Joe
Biden.
A mob of his supporters then stormed the U.S. Capitol and were
unsuccessful in blocking the certification.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Dec/29/images/ads/current/graue_sda_042021.png)
WHAT DID MAINE RULE?
The state's top election official, Democrat Shenna Bellows, granted a
challenge from a group of former state lawmakers who argued that Trump,
the frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination, was not
qualified to serve as president again under Section 3.
Bellows ordered Trump kept off the ballot for the March 5 Republican
primary, but put her ruling on hold to allow Trump to appeal to a state
court.
HAVE ANY OTHER STATES DISQUALIFIED TRUMP?
Colorado become the first state to exclude Trump from a primary ballot.
The state's highest court ruled on Dec. 19 that Trump engaged in
insurrection.
Colorado is viewed as a safely Democratic state in the November 2024
general election, meaning Biden would be expected to carry the state
regardless of whether Trump is on the ballot.
The court paused its ruling to allow Trump to appeal to the U.S. Supreme
Court, which the former president indicated he would do. The Colorado
Republican Party filed its own appeal to the Supreme Court on Dec. 27,
clearing a path for Trump to remain on the primary ballot despite the
state court ruling.
WHAT IS TRUMP'S DEFENSE?
Trump and his allies have criticized disqualification cases as
undemocratic and part of a conspiracy by his political rivals to keep
him out of office.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Dec/29/images/ads/current/nealtire_sda_GIFTCERT_2023.png)
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![](../images/122923PIX/news_j25.jpg)
Former U.S. President and Republican presidential candidate Donald
Trump rallies with supporters at a "commit to caucus" event at a
Whiskey bar in Ankeny, Iowa, U.S. December 2, 2023. REUTERS/Carlos
Barria/File Photo
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Dec/29/images/ads/current/atlantabank_quarter_FFARM_2023.png)
His lawyers have argued that only Congress can enforce Section 3 and
that presidents are not subject to disqualification. A lower court
judge in Colorado agreed that Section 3 does not apply to presidents
before that ruling was overturned by the state's top court.
Trump's legal team also disputes that Trump engaged in insurrection,
arguing that he was exercising his First Amendment right to free
speech on Jan. 6.
Trump has pleaded not guilty to criminal charges accusing him of
conspiring to overturn the 2020 election results but has not been
charged with insurrection.
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?
The Maine decision will be reviewed by state courts.
The U.S. Supreme Court is likely to take the Colorado case given its
political importance and the unsettled legal questions it raises.
It is not clear how the Court would rule, but it is dominated by a
conservative majority that includes three Trump appointees. The
court may not need to decide whether Trump engaged in insurrection
and could rule narrowly that Section 3 does not apply to presidents
or that it cannot be enforced by courts.
A ruling that Trump is disqualified from the presidency would be
momentous step with seismic political implications.
WHICH STATES HAVE REJECTED BALLOT CHALLENGES?
Lawsuits in several states seeking to keep Trump off primary ballots
have failed. Courts in Minnesota and Michigan ruled that Trump could
not be excluded from the primary, but allowed challengers to revive
their cases for the November 2024 general election if Trump is the
Republican nominee.
Courts in both states ruled that Trump's eligibility for the
presidency under the U.S. Constitution was not relevant to internal
party primaries.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Dec/29/images/ads/current/culvers_sda_LUAL_2023.png)
Michigan is considered one of the hotly contested states that can
swing to either Democrats or Republicans and likely to decide the
outcome of the general election.
WHERE ELSE ARE CASES PENDING?
Challenges to Trump's eligibility have been filed in at least 12
states. One of the more closely watched cases is in Oregon, where
the state Supreme Court is poised to decide in the coming days
whether to consider a lawsuit seeking to disqualify Trump from the
state's primary ballot.
(Reporting by Andrew Goudsward; Editing by Noeleen Walder and Ross
Colvin)
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