Syria brought Wagner Group fighters to heel as mutiny unfolded in Russia
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[July 08, 2023]
By Suleiman Al-Khalidi, Maya Gebeily
BEIRUT (Reuters) -As Wagner mercenaries advanced on Moscow in an
attempted mutiny in late June, authorities in Syria and Russian military
commanders there took a series of swift measures against local Wagner
operatives to prevent the uprising spreading, according to six sources
familiar with the matter.
The previously unreported crackdown included blocking phone lines,
summoning around a dozen Wagner commanders to a Russian military base,
and ordering mercenary fighters to sign new contracts with the Russian
defence ministry or promptly leave Syria, according to the sources, who
include Syrian security officials, sources based near deployed Russian
forces, and regional officials.
The sources declined to be named in order to discuss sensitive military
information. Syria's government, Russia's defence ministry and Wagner in
Russia did not respond to requests for comment.
The measures showed how Syrian authorities moved quickly to bring the
mercenary force to heel, worried that their key military partner Russia
was distracted by events back home, according to two Syrian sources
informed of the deployments.
"Wagner's role in Syria - as it was playing it before - is over," said
Nawar Shaban, researcher at Omran Center for Strategic Studies, an
Istanbul-based independent research group focused on Syria. "Given the
events, their relationship with the Syrian defence ministry is now
over."
Damascus has not publicly commented on the June 23-24 Wagner mutiny in
which mercenary boss Yevgeny Prigozhin ordered his men fighting for
Russia in Ukraine to march on Moscow before a deal brokered by Belarus
saw them turn back and many exiled.
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However, senior Syrian military and intelligence officials privately
voiced concern as they watched events unfolding that the mutiny could
disrupt the Russian military presence they had relied on for so long,
according to a senior Syrian Republican Guard officer and a Syrian
source briefed on developments.
The mercenary group's presence in Syria is relatively small at between
250 and 450 personnel, or roughly a tenth of the estimated Russian
military strength, the two Syrian sources said. There are no official
figures on staffing, which vary over time.
Russia deployed its military forces and, crucially, its airpower to
Syria in 2015, helping President Bashar al-Assad beat back rebels intent
on toppling him.
Wagner has since been involved in combat missions and security for oil
installations in Syria, with the first suspected Wagner deaths there
reported as early as 2015.
For years, Moscow denied any connection with Wagner, but the group has
played a very public role in Russia's war in Ukraine. President Vladimir
Putin said after the mutiny that his government funds the group.
After Prigozhin announced his uprising, a group of Russian military
officers were quickly dispatched to Syria to help take charge of Wagner
forces there, according to a regional military source close to Damascus
and two Syrian sources with knowledge of the events, who did not provide
further details.
Syria's military intelligence cut landlines and internet links overnight
on Friday June 23 from areas where Russian Wagner forces were deployed
to prevent them from communicating among themselves, with Wagner in
Russia, and even with relatives back home, the three sources said.
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By the morning of Saturday June 24, Syrian military intelligence and
Russian defence officials were coordinating closely to isolate and
control Wagner operatives, according to the senior Republican Guard
officer, a Syrian security source and two Syrian sources briefed on the
developments.
Around a dozen Wagner officers deployed in Syria's central province of
Homs and other areas were summoned to Russia's operational base at
Hmeimim in western Latakia province, according to the Republican Guard
officer and one of the Syrian sources briefed on the developments. The
officer said this occurred "in the early hours of the mutiny."
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![](../images/070823PIX/news_y36.jpg)
Russian law enforcement officers
stand guard outside PMC Wagner Centre in Saint Petersburg, Russia,
June 24, 2023. REUTERS/Anton Vaganov
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Reuters could not determine what happened to them. The Russian
Reconciliation Center for Syria, headquartered in the Hmeimim base,
refers all media enquiries to the defence ministry, which did not
respond to requests for comment.
NEW CONTRACTS OR FLIGHTS OUT
By June 24, Wagner fighters in Syria were asked to sign new
contracts by which they report directly to Russia's defence
ministry, a source with knowledge of Wagner's deployments and two
other sources with knowledge of the events said.
Their pay was also cut, those three sources said.
Those who refused the terms were flown out on Russian Ilyushin
planes in the following days, two of those sources said. One said
they numbered "in the dozens," surprising Syrian officials who
expected more would refuse and head into exile.
Between June 25 and 27, flight-tracking data from Flightradar24
shows at least three trips by a Russian Ilyushin plane between
Latakia, Syria and Bamako, the capital of the West African nation of
Mali, where Wagner also has operations. Reuters could not establish
whether Wagner personnel were on board the flights.
Mali authorities did not respond to a request for comment on the
flights and whether any Wagner fighters had been redeployed from
Syria to Mali.
Wagner had already pulled many experienced Russian fighters out of
Syria last year to fight in Ukraine following Russia's full-scale
invasion, according to Syrian analysts and a retired Syrian military
officer familiar with Wagner activities.
Wagner fighters secured Syrian oilfields and Western officials say
Wagner is linked to Evro Polis, a company that profits from those
assets. The EU imposed sanctions on the firm in 2021.
Reuters was unable to determine the fate of those commercial
interests in the wake of the Russian defence ministry's moves
against Wagner in Syria and Russia. Evro Polis did not immediately
respond to emails sent to a contact address on its website.
Hmeimim base has served as a logistics hub to transit Wagner
fighters on to Libya and elswhere in Africa, according to a Syrian
security source and a Western diplomat based in the region. "We are
watching how those Wagner operations will in turn be disrupted," the
diplomat said.
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Unlike its other operations in Africa, where Wagner's presence is
larger and not subservient to the Russian military, its role in
Syria's war went little noticed at first, as Russian air power
turned the tide of the conflict.
Details of its presence emerged gradually, notably in 2018 when
hundreds of Wagner fighters were killed in a confrontation with U.S.
forces near the Syrian city of Deir al-Zor, sources told Reuters at
the time.
In the wake of the Wagner uprising, Syria's leadership quickly
restated publicly the importance of its military alliance with
Russia.
Syrian first lady Asmaa al-Assad was in Russia days later to attend
her son's graduation from Moscow State University and was asked by a
reporter whether she had been afraid to visit given recent events.
"Our Russian friends did not hesitate when they stood with us in our
war. So we did not hesitate, and we won't hesitate, to stand with
them in their war," she said.
(Additional reporting by Laila Bassam and Tom Perry in Beirut and Ed
McAllister in and Joanna Plucinska in London; Editing by Mike
Collett-White and Daniel Flynn)
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