Donations and despair: Syria's north-west tries to rebuild after quake
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[March 22, 2023]
By Khalil Ashawi and Timour Azhari
JANDARIS, Syria (Reuters) - Hussein Mankawi has little hope he will ever
rebuild his home and food distribution businesses in the north-west
Syrian city of Jandaris after they were reduced to rubble by last
month's deadly earthquake, wiping out his life's work.
"What can we do? We'll put up a tent instead. There is nothing but
tents," he said, standing by the mangled ruins of his home in the
rebel-held region.
The Feb. 6 earthquakes were the worst modern-day natural disasters to
strike Syria and Turkey, killing more than 56,000 people across the two
countries.
Turkey has pledged state-led efforts to rebuild more than 300,000 homes
within the first year and the cash-strapped Syrian government has
created a compensation fund for victims and offered temporary housing to
the displaced.
But this help is unlikely to reach Syria's northwest, an enclave
controlled by rival anti-government rebels and home to 4.5 million
people -- 2 million of whom lived in tented camps even before the quake
struck, according to the United Nations.
International organisations struggle to access the zone regularly and
there has been no visible centralized reconstruction effort.
The U.N. says more than 100,000 people have been displaced in the region
since the first quake struck on Feb. 6.
On the edge of destitution and with nowhere to turn, residents are
trying to make do on their own.
Mankawi is recovering what possessions he can with help from a local
entrepreneur who agreed to move the rubble of his home in return for
keeping the metal inside it - a deal underscoring the deep deprivation
in the area.
"No-one is helping us at all. We've seen nothing," Mankawi said.
OBSTACLES
Damage has not been limited to homes.
In Jandaris, one of the hardest-hit areas, half of the 48 schools
required reconstruction or repairs, as did more than 20 kilometers of
water and sanitation networks and most of the city's roads, said Mahmoud
Haffar, head of the local council.
But he said local authorities did not have the resources to rebuild.
"Frankly, local capabilities are very limited and (rebuilding) will
require international help... there is no clear funding for
reconstruction and repairs," he said.
Donors at an EU-led conference on Monday pledged 7 billion euros($7.5bln)
to help reconstruct Turkey.
But the bloc has sanctions on Damascus in place and said it would only
finance humanitarian assistance and early recovery but not full-scale
reconstruction for as long as there is no political dialogue between
Assad and his adversaries.
Foreign state funding for reconstruction in the region held by rebels
who seek Assad's ouster faces additional stumbling blocks, according to
three diplomats working on Syria.
The presence of rival armed groups in the region is one of the main
issues, they say, noting that the most powerful group, Hayat Tahrir
al-Sham, is designated a terrorist organisation by the U.S. and United
Nations.
Most international aid that has reached the area over the past decade
has been earmarked for humanitarian relief, not reconstruction, a trend
that was likely to continue, according to Karam Shaar, a political
economist at the Middle East Institute think-tank.
"In the foreseeable future, people will continue to rely on private
funding to reconstruct their buildings or just move to tents instead,"
he said.
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People search under the rubble of a
damaged building, in the aftermath of an earthquake, in rebel-held
town of Jandaris, Syria February 15, 2023. REUTERS/Khalil Ashawi
CROWDFUNDED RECOVERY
Before the quakes struck, Syrian NGO Molham Team was building a
sprawling 1,500-unit housing complex in Azaz, driven by the
ambitious goal of relocating families from tents into formal
housing, team member Baraa Baboli said.
It was inspired by the realization that Syrians could not wait for
help from outside, and was financed through online crowdfunding.
After the quake, Molham launched a new appeal, raising more than $11
million intended for the construction of an additional 2,300 units
between Idlib, Salqin and Harem - all areas hit hard by the quake.
Meanwhile, property developers in the area say they have begun to
adapt their construction plans to fit quake trauma and potential
shortages in raw materials.
Abdo Zamzam, the director of a local construction company, said
projects before the quake were mostly four- to five-story buildings
but consultations with locals showed most people now wanted to live
in one- or two-story buildings they deemed safer.
PRICE RISES
Construction materials in the enclave are almost entirely imported
from Turkey, raising fears the Syrian zone could face shortages when
mass reconstruction begins across the border or struggle to pay
higher prices.
Prices of cement and metal have already risen by around 30 percent,
according to developers and a Syrian border official, from $85 to
more than $120 for a ton of cement, and from $600 to more than $800
for a ton of metal.
A senior Turkish official told Reuters authorities had not
restricted exports of materials needed for construction - such as
cement, sand and tiles - and had no plans to do so as these
materials were abundant in Turkey.
At the Turkish-Syrian border crossing at Cilvegozu, long lines of
trucks, many loaded with cement from factories based in southern
Turkey purchased by private traders in Syria, have waited to cross
into northwest Syria.
At the same crossing, tens of thousands of Syrians have crossed back
into their homelands, many to rebuild their lives in the north-west,
risking more pressure on already-scarce housing.
About 55,000 Syrians have returned since mid-February, Syrian rebel
border official Mazen Alloush said, adding they had not yet recorded
any trips back to Turkey.
Ahmad al-Ahmad, a 22-year-old Syrian who worked as a tailor in the
devastated Turkish city of Kahramanmaras, said he was moving back to
Syria after both his home and workplace were heavily damaged.
He said he did not know what awaited him.
"We were looking for a better life," he said as he waited to be let
through the border with his family.
"We migrated in order to settle down and now we are back to square
one; displacement after displacement."
(Reporting by Khalil Ashawi in Jandaris, Syria and Timour Azhari in
Cilvegozu, Turkey; Additional reporting by Orhan Coskun in Ankara;
Writing by Timour Azhari; Editing by Maya Gebeily and Christina
Fincher)
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