Western states reach 'historic' deal to help save Colorado River
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[May 23, 2023]
By Daniel Trotta and Brad Brooks
(Reuters) -Seven U.S. states that depend on the overused Colorado River
on Monday reached agreement to cut consumption and help save a river
that provides drinking water for 40 million people and irrigation for
some of the country's most bountiful farmland.
Arizona, California and Nevada will reduce intake by 3 million acre-feet
(3.7 billion cubic meters) through the end of 2026, an amount equal to
13% of their river allotment, under a deal brokered and announced by the
Biden administration.
Those three make up the Lower Basin states of the century-old Colorado
River Compact, which assigns water rights to them plus the four Upper
Basin states of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
While the Upper Basin states draw their water directly from the river
and its tributaries, the Lower Basin states depend on Lake Mead, the
reservoir created by the Hoover Dam and whose spigot is controlled by
the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
The river's long-term health is critical for the entire region,
particularly for the economies of major cities such as Los Angeles, Las
Vegas and Phoenix, and the agricultural industry.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/May/23/images/ads/current/library_sda_PROMGRAD_2023.png)
Monday's agreement clears a major hurdle for reaching a three-year plan
for distributing water rights starting in 2024. Without a deal, the
federal government might have been forced to impose cuts, likely
provoking a flurry of lawsuits.
The agreement, billed by the states as a "historic success," followed a
year of arduous negotiations that featured two blown deadlines.
It was facilitated by an extraordinary deluge this year that filled
reservoirs and packed the mountains with snow.
Moreover, the Biden administration made it rain with $1.2 billion in
grants under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 that will
compensate local water districts, cities and Native American tribes for
cutting back.
"This year's hydrology was really important, and not only the rains in
California," said Estevan Lopez, New Mexico's signatory to the deal as
the state's commissioner to the river compact. "That made this possible,
along with the funding from the IRA."
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/May/23/images/ads/current/culligan_sda_SFARM_2023.png)
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![](../images/052323PIX/news_j19.jpg)
Colorado River water runs through
Central Arizona Project canals in Pinal County, Arizona, U.S., April
9, 2023. REUTERS/Rebecca Noble/File Photo
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/May/23/images/ads/current/graue_lda_preowned_052223.jpg)
TOUGHER TALKS AHEAD
Now the seven states must go back to work on longer-term deal
starting in 2027, most likely for 20 years, that must be reached
without being able to count on rainy years or a flood of federal
dollars, and with effects of climate change looming.
"There are significantly more difficult things in the future that
are going to have to be agreed to," said John Entsminger, Nevada's
representative.
The Colorado River Compact has long been problematic as it was
agreed following an usually wet period, misleading signatories into
believing more water was available to them.
The river has been further strained by rapid population growth and,
in this century, a historic drought that - until this year's rains -
threatened to drain reservoir levels below the intake valves that
deliver water downstream and cut off hydroelectric production.
Entsminger said officials now acknowledge there will be less
Colorado River water available in the 21st century than there was in
the 20th.
But he cited Las Vegas, which has seen its population increase by
800,000 people since 2002 while cutting Colorado River consumption
by 31%, as an example of how to grow amid scarcity.
While significant, the deal leaves out two major river users: Mexico
and Native American tribes.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/May/23/images/ads/current/hartsburggrain_sda_PROMGRAD_2023.png)
Lopez said Mexico, which receives 1.5 million acre-feet per year
under a 1944 treaty with the United States, has signaled a
willingness to cooperate, and the tribes, which have an estimated
one-fourth to one-third of the water rights, have been kept informed
of the talks.
(Reporting Daniel Trotta, Brad Brooks and Rami Ayyub; Editing by
Mark Porter, Donna Bryson, Jonathan Oatis and Sonali Paul)
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