UN retreat from Mali in disarray as violence surges
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[November 03, 2023]
By Edward McAllister, David Lewis and Michelle Nichols
DAKAR (Reuters) - Before United Nations peacekeepers hurriedly abandoned
their base in Kidal in northern Mali on Tuesday, they made a costly
call: with insurgents stationed nearby, they destroyed sensitive
equipment to avoid it falling into the wrong hands, the U.N. said.
Shortly after the last U.N. convoy rolled out, the ethnic Tuareg rebels
announced they had taken over the base. Photos posted on social media on
Wednesday appeared to show locals loading trucks with looted goods,
including tires, cables and chairs.
Mali's ruling military junta in June ordered the decade-old UN mission,
known as MINUSMA, to leave as its relations soured with former
international allies. MINUSMA has accelerated its departure in recent
weeks as northern Mali has been engulfed in fighting between the rebels
and government forces vying for control over areas it vacates.
Chaos has ensued.
Bloody confrontations have surrounded at least two U.N. bases, and two
have also been looted, according to two sources with direct knowledge of
the withdrawal. At least a dozen peacekeepers have been injured by
explosive devices hit by U.N. convoys heading south, according to U.N.
statements.
The U.N. has acknowledged difficulties with its departure. MINUSMA said
in statements that it has been forced to destroy equipment including
vehicles, ammunition and generators that its forces couldn't evacuate
after the government imposed restrictions on moving them. Mission
spokesperson Fatoumata Sinkoun Kaba told Reuters that millions of
dollars of kit has been lost.
Authorities have denied approval for air support for convoys travelling
over some of the most volatile terrain in West Africa. They ordered a
halt to some imports of fuel and spare parts, and in some cases
jeopardized the safety of departing peacekeepers, according to the two
sources with direct knowledge of the withdrawal.
Mali's government did not respond to requests for comment for this
story.
Security analysts have warned that the Malian state could collapse
altogether, further destabilizing a region where insurgents with links
to al Qaeda and Islamic State are gaining ground.
MINUSMA had originally planned to leave Kidal in mid-November, the
sources said. The equipment that was destroyed there and at two other
northern bases could have been removed by U.N. trucks earlier, but
Mali's junta blocked access, the U.N. said.
Four aircraft have been grounded for lack of parts, the U.N. told
Reuters, without specifying what kind of aircraft.
Dozens of U.N. import requests have gone unanswered, the U.N. Department
of Peace Operations and the Department of Operational Support said in an
internal letter to the Security Council on Oct. 14, seen by Reuters.
With routes to the south under threat from Islamist militants, the
mission has explored the possibility of exiting through Algeria to the
north or Mauritania to the west, the letter said, both of which were
proving "difficult to operationalize".
The two sources, who asked to remain anonymous to speak on a sensitive
topic, said they believe Mali's junta has sought to delay the retreat to
give it time to reach the bases before the U.N. leaves.
Reuters was unable to confirm this but the junta has expressed concern
in public pronouncements about the U.N. leaving bases before it arrives,
including after the Kidal departure. Last month, it called the
acceleration of MINUSMA's withdrawal a "betrayal".
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An armored vehicle escorting a MINUSMA logistic convoy from Gao to
Kidal, is parked as trucks pass by, Mali February 16, 2017. Each
month MINUSMA organizes logistic convoys involving hundreds of
civilians and military vehicles to supply remote UN bases in
northern Mali. Picture taken February 16, 2017. MINUSMA/Sylvain
Liechti handout via REUTERS/File Photo
"NASTY WAR"
The situation marks a bitter end to the U.N.'s mission in Mali,
where it deployed after the north was overrun by Islamist militants
and Tuareg rebels in a 2012 uprising. MINUSMA initially helped
restore some calm, but violence has persisted.
Thousands of civilians have died, and more than 170 peacekeepers
have been killed in combat, making MINUSMA the U.N.'s deadliest
mission.
Worsening insecurity prompted military coups in 2020 and 2021. The
junta then kicked out French troops who were helping fight the
Islamists, teamed up with Russian private military contractor the
Wagner Group, and ordered MINUSMA to leave.
The mission has until Dec. 31 to pack up. So far, more than 6,000 of
nearly 14,000 personnel have left, the U.N. spokeswoman said.
The Tuareg rebels signed a 2015 peace agreement brokered by MINUSMA
but maintained control of much of the north from Kidal. That accord
has fallen apart since the mission began moving out.
The first sign of trouble came in early August, when fighting broke
out between Mali's army and Tuareg rebels around the U.N.'s camp in
Ber in the north. The mission left the camp on Aug. 13, two days
early. Its convoy was attacked twice that day, injuring four
peacekeepers, it said.
In October, gunfire around its base in Tessalit, near the Algerian
border, forced peacekeepers to shelter in bunkers, the U.N. said. On
Oct. 19, shots hit a MINUSMA plane landing at the airstrip.
When the last troops left Tessalit on Oct. 21, they were denied air
support for the nine-day journey across the unpoliced desert.
"They are effectively endangering the lives of our troops," one of
the sources said. As in Kidal, peacekeepers destroyed equipment
before leaving that could have been transported in trucks earlier,
if the government had allowed.
Air support was also denied convoys departing Kidal on a
350-kilometre (217-mile) journey south to the city of Gao, the
MINUSMA spokesperson said.
Three security analysts told Reuters that Kidal, a Tuareg stronghold
from which rebels have long fought for autonomy of the desert region
they call Azawad, was a potential flash point now that the U.N. has
left. It is not clear how well positioned the Malian army is to take
back the base. It has been trying to reach the city in recent weeks,
but progress is slow, the analysts said.
"If the base in Kidal falls into the rebels' hands, this will cause
an outcry in Bamako," said Yvan Guichaoua, senior lecturer at the
University of Kent's Brussels School of International Studies. "A
nasty war may eventually erupt."
(Reporting by Edward McAllister in Dakar, David Lewis in Nairobi and
Michelle Nichols in New York. Additional reporting by Mahamat
Ramadane in N'Djamena; Editing by Alexandra Zavis and Daniel Flynn)
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