Star-filled Euclid images spur mission to probe 'dark universe'
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[November 08, 2023]
By Tim Hepher
PARIS (Reuters) - European astronomers on Tuesday released the first
images from the newly launched Euclid space telescope, designed to
unlock the secrets of dark matter and dark energy - hidden forces
thought to make up 95% of the universe.
The European Space Agency, which leads the six-year mission with NASA as
a partner, said the images were the sharpest of their kind, showcasing
the telescope's ability to monitor billions of galaxies up to 10 billion
light years away.
The images spanned four areas of the relatively nearby universe,
including 1,000 galaxies belonging to the massive Perseus cluster just
240 million light years away, and more than 100,000 galaxies spread out
in the background, ESA said.
Scientists believe vast, seemingly organised structures such as Perseus
could only have formed if dark matter exists.
"We think we understand only 5% of the universe: that's the matter that
we can see," ESA's science director Carole Mundell told Reuters.
"The rest of the universe we call dark because it doesn't produce light
in the normal electromagnetic spectrum. But we know its effect because
we see the effect on visible matter."
Tell-tale signs of the hidden force exerted by dark matter include
galaxies rotating more quickly than scientists would expect from the
amount of visible matter that can be detected.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Nov/08/images/ads/current/sunag_sda_FFARM_2023.png)
Its influence is also implicated in pulling together some of the most
massive structures in the universe, like clusters of galaxies, Mundell
said in an interview.
Dark energy is even more enigmatic.
Its hypothetical existence was established only in the 1990s by studying
exploding stars called supernovas, resulting in a 2011 Nobel prize
shared between three U.S.-born scientists.
Thanks in part to observations from the earlier Hubble Space Telescope,
they concluded that the universe was not only expanding but that the
pace of expansion was accelerating - a stunning discovery attributed to
the new concept of dark energy.
3D COSMIC MAP
After initial commissioning and technical teething problems, including
stray light and guidance issues, Euclid will now start piecing together
a 3D map encompassing about a third of the sky to detect tiny variations
attributable to the dark universe.
By gaining new insights into dark energy and matter, scientists hope to
better grasp the formation and distribution of galaxies across the
so-called cosmic web of the universe.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Nov/08/images/ads/current/charrons_bch_2022.png)
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![](../images/110823PIX/news_f12.jpg)
Stellar nursery called "Horsehead Nebula", also known as Barnard 33,
and part of constellation Orion, captured by Euclid telescope,
designed and built by European Space Agency (ESA) to explore dark
matter and dark energy which are thought to make up 95% of the
universe, are seen in this undated handout image. European Space
Agency/Handout via REUTERS
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Nov/08/images/ads/current/peasley_lda_051513.png)
"The purpose of the Euclid mission is really to start to probe that
dark sector of the universe in ways that we've been unable to
presently with current ground and space missions," said Mundell, a
leading academic and former UK science envoy.
"The Perseus cluster really typifies this huge conglomeration of
mass. We think there's lots of dark matter in that cluster and
pulling these galaxies together," she added.
The release of the images in Darmstadt, Germany, coincided with the
second of two days of European space talks in Spain dominated by
Europe's continued dependency on foreign launches.
The Euclid spacecraft was due to be launched on Russia's Soyuz
rocket but those plans were scrapped amid a breakdown of relations
following Moscow's invasion of Ukraine last year.
With Europe's own Ariane 6 rocket delayed, Euclid was launched from
Florida by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in July.
Although the mission is designed to last six years, ESA hopes Euclid
has another six months of propellant to keep it in solar orbit some
1.5 million km (930,000 miles) away from Earth at "Lagrange Point
Two", or L2 - a position of gravitational stability that is also
home to NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
Other images released by ESA included an irregular galaxy thought to
resemble building blocks of the universe and a spiral formation
known as the "Hidden Galaxy": a lookalike of our home galaxy usually
obscured by light and dust within the Milky Way.
![](http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2023/Nov/08/images/ads/current/applegate_sda_FFARM_2023.png)
"You'll also see lots of background galaxies there as well, which is
phenomenal. I think I spotted a new one there last night," Mundell
told Reuters.
(Reporting by Tim Hepher; Additional reporting by Steve Gorman in
Los Angeles; Editing by Alex Richardson)
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