Bird flu pushes US dairy farmers to ban visitors, chop trees
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[April 11, 2024]
By Tom Polansek
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Dairy farmers in the United States are raising their
defenses to try to contain the spread of bird flu: banning visitors,
cutting down trees to discourage wild birds from landing, and
disinfecting vehicles coming onto their land.
North Carolina on Wednesday became the seventh state to report an
outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dairy herd,
after the U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed infections in Texas,
Kansas, Ohio, Michigan, Idaho and New Mexico.
While the first cases appear to have been introduced to herds in Texas
and Kansas by wild birds, the USDA said transmission among cattle was
also possible. Agricultural officials in Michigan and Ohio said infected
herds in those states received cattle from Texas.
Reuters spoke to seven dairy farmers in five states who said they are
reinforcing safety and cleaning procedures, with three producers
exceeding government recommendations.
"Think of our farm now as a gated community for cows," said Karen
Jordan, who raises about 200 dairy cattle in Siler City, North Carolina.
"Only the most essential person can get past the gate."
Even before North Carolina's outbreak, Jordan, 64, said she was limiting
visitors who could unintentionally carry in contaminated bird droppings
on boots or vehicles. She also started chopping down about 40 small
trees to avoid attracting wild birds during spring migration.
The first confirmed case in a dairy herd on March 25 and the second
human case in two years on April 1 have heightened concerns in the U.S.
about the spread of the virus to animals and people. Bird flu has
decimated poultry flocks globally since 2022 and infected mammals
ranging from seals and foxes to skunks.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the risk to
humans remains low, but has asked states for plans to test and treat
potentially impacted farm workers.
REDUCED MILK PRODUCTION
While bird flu is lethal to poultry, cows appear to recover. The
outbreaks in dairy herds primarily affect lactating cows, the USDA said,
reducing milk production and requiring farmers to isolate sick animals
while keeping their milk out of the food supply.
U.S. milk production grew to nearly $60 billion in 2022. Dairy farmers
now fear a drop in demand for milk and cheese, after the USDA reported
bird flu in unpasteurized milk samples, though agricultural officials
say pasteurized milk is safe.
Futures prices for milk dropped as infections expanded last week, before
the market rebounded. Beef cattle futures also plunged on fears of
reduced demand, although there have been no confirmed cases of the virus
in cattle raised for meat.
The USDA has not issued quarantine orders for infected dairy herds but
last week recommended minimizing the movement of cattle and testing milk
samples from lactating cows if they must be moved. Producers were also
urged to monitor livestock for illnesses; isolate newly added cows; and
keep wildlife and domestic pets like cats away from farm buildings to
reduce the spread of the virus.
The agency advised farmers to pay "special attention to good milking
practices, such as equipment disinfection." In interviews with Reuters,
animal-health authorities raised the possibility that milking machines
may play a role in spreading infections among cows, though that has not
been confirmed.
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Dairy farmer Brent Pollard's cows stand in their pen at a cattle
farm in Rockford, Illinois, U.S., April 9, 2024. REUTERS/Jim
Vondruska
"We cannot rule out other possible
modes of HPAI transmission, including equipment," the USDA said in
an email to Reuters.
Seven state and industry officials said farmers face challenges
because of uncertainty over how the virus is spreading and the
exposure of open-aired barns to wild birds.
Idaho, North Carolina and more than a dozen states that have not
confirmed cases in cattle imposed additional requirements on
shipments to protect their herds.
Nebraska, the second-biggest U.S. cattle producer after Texas, on
April 1 began requiring producers to obtain permits to bring
breeding dairy cows into the state so officials can better track
animal movement.
Texas advised producers to monitor their herds and keep sick animals
at home. Kansas recommended limiting the movement of cattle but has
not mandated extra restrictions, said Justin Smith, the state's
animal health commissioner.
"These dairies have got a lot at stake," Smith said in an interview.
"If they have concerns about that movement, they need to reassess
it, versus me mandating a reassessment."
Yogurt maker Danone said it is advising suppliers to isolate cattle
that may have been exposed to the virus and report any cases to
local officials.
DISINFECTING TIRES
In Fort Branch, Indiana, Steve Obert, 61, is requiring drivers to
spray truck wheels with disinfectant before he allows them on his
farm. He raises about 1,200 cows that produce milk for Dairy Farmers
of America, a cooperative of more than 6,000 farms.
Obert, who is also executive director of the industry group Indiana
Dairy Producers, said bigger farms face increased risks, in part
because they maintain large stocks of feed that attract wild birds
that could be carrying the virus.
Big dairies also often ship heifers, or female cows that have not
yet given birth, to other states to be impregnated before returning
to their home farms for milking, he said.
Obert, who ships cows to Kentucky, said he trusted Indiana's
decision not to impose new restrictions on cattle movement, but: "As
a producer, you sit at the edge of your seat thinking, 'Gosh, I hope
we're not behind.'"
In Rockford, Illinois, 43-year-old farmer Brent Pollard, who
supplies milk to cooperative Prairie Farms, is keeping a calf he
bought for his daughter from Wisconsin in isolation for 21 days.
No cases have been reported in Wisconsin, but Shelly Mayer, 58, said
she is watching for dead birds on her dairy outside Milwaukee and
working to keep water tanks clean of bird droppings and other
contaminants.
Farmers are also trying to keep wild birds away from feed supplies
but it is difficult.
"The dairy farm is like a giant bird feeder," said Jamie Jonker,
chief science officer for the National Milk Producers Federation.
(Reporting by Tom Polansek; Additional reporting by P.J. Huffstutter;
Editing by Caroline Stauffer and Suzanne Goldenberg)
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