Scientists chronicle the earliest stages of a supernova
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[March 28, 2024]
By Ari Rabinovitch
REHOVOT, Israel (Reuters) - About 20 million years ago, in a galaxy not
so far away, a large star exploded and sent elements representing the
building blocks of life racing through space.
About a year ago, by chance, as the light it emitted reached Earth, a
team of scientists in Israel observed it and for the first time
collected data on the earliest stages from such an explosion, known as a
supernova.
The picture they are putting together offers a detailed look at the
origins of crucial elements around us, like the calcium in our teeth and
the iron in our blood.
"We are actually seeing the cosmic furnace in which the heavy elements
are formed, while they are being formed. We are observing it as it
happens. This is really the unique opportunity," Weizmann Institute of
Science astrophysicist Avishay Gal-Yam said.
The findings, published on Wednesday in the journal Nature, also
indicate that the giant star, located in a neighboring galaxy called
Messier 101, likely left behind a black hole after it exploded.
An amateur astronomer who happened to be watching that galaxy tipped off
the researchers that something appeared to be occurring. They quickly
focused their ground-based telescopes at the star and started
documenting the early stages of the explosion.
The team, which included doctoral student and study lead author Erez
Zimmerman, contacted NASA, which changed its schedule and aimed the
Hubble Space Telescope at the supernova. This allowed early-stage
observation of ultraviolet light from the explosion, which is blocked by
the atmosphere and not picked up on Earth.
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![](../images/032824PIX/news_e6.jpg)
Astrophysicist Avishay Gal-Yam and researcher Ido Irani look at a
screen in their laboratory at the Weizmann Institute of Science in
Rehovot, Israel, March 27, 2024. REUTERS/Sebastian Rocandio
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Along with tracking elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
blasted into space, the ultraviolet data showed a discrepancy
between the star's initial mass and the mass it ejected into space
during the explosion.
"We suspect that after the explosion a black hole was left behind -
a newly formed black hole that wasn't there before. It's the remnant
of the explosion. A little bit of the mass of the star collapsed to
the center and created a new black hole," Gal-Yam said.
Black holes are extraordinarily dense objects with gravity so strong
that not even light can escape.
Having created a sort of fingerprint of the supernova from start to
finish, Gal-Yam said it could help scientists identify impending
supernovas elsewhere.
"Perhaps we will be able in the next few years to say, not for all
stars, but maybe for some of them, this star we think, we suspect,
it's going to explode," Gal-Yam added. "That will be fantastic, and
then we will know to be there and prepared."
(Reporting by Ari Rabinovitz; Editing by Will Dunham)
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