With inflation falling fast, will the BoE quickly cut rates?
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[May 21, 2024] LONDON
(Reuters) - Britain's once towering inflation rate looks set to fall
close to the Bank of England's 2% target on Wednesday, but it may be
other figures in the data that influence the BoE's decision on when to
cut interest rates for the first time since 2020.
Much of the drop in headline consumer price inflation - from a peak of
11.1% a year and a half ago - is due to falling energy prices which are
beyond the BoE's control.
Its policymakers are more interested in price pressures generated within
Britain's economy, especially its still tight labor market where many
employers continue to push up pay at a rate that could keep inflation
hot.
As well as businesses and home-owners stretched by the highest borrowing
costs since 2008, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak is also hoping for a drop
in inflation pressures that could allow the BoE to cut rates, offering a
electoral lifeline to his Conservatives before an election later this
year.
BoE Governor Andrew Bailey has said a first rate cut could come as soon
as next month, depending on the data.
IS THE INFLATION CRISIS OVER?
Inflation in Britain peaked higher than in any other big rich economy.
For a period it was an outlier in the Group of Seven due to a
combination of the energy price surge and a shortage of workers to fill
jobs, a problem seen in other countries but compounded in Britain by
Brexit.
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Britain's inflation of 3.2% in the 12 months to March remained higher
than in Germany, France and Italy. But it was lower than 3.5% in the
United States.
Economists polled by Reuters say Wednesday's data will probably show
headline inflation slowed sharply to 2.1% in April although it is likely
to pick up a bit later in 2024. The BoE thinks it will speed up again to
around 2.6% later this year.
Analysts will be just as focused on other price measures in the April
data, chief among them services inflation which at 6.0% in March remains
a big concern for the BoE.
LABOR MARKET PRESSURES
For services firms, wages are a bigger share of costs than for other
companies. So the recent 6% pace of annual wage growth in Britain -
driven by a more acute shortage of workers to fill roles than in many
other economies - has pushed up prices in the sector.
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![](../images/052124PIX/busine71.jpg)
Road construction workers carry out work outside the Bank of England
in the City of London financial district in London, Britain,
February 13, 2024. REUTERS/Isabel Infantes/Files
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There have been some recent signs that the labor market heat is
cooling. The imbalance between a high number of vacancies and a low
number of unemployed people - a key gauge for the BoE - is its
narrowest since before the COVID pandemic.
COMPANIES FINDING IT HARDER TO PUSH UP PRICES
Something else the BoE is watching closely is the ability of
companies to pass on higher costs to customers in the form of higher
prices. The BoE's regional agents say that will be harder this year
than in 2024.
Megan Greene, one of the nine Monetary Policy Committee members,
last week pointed to similar signals from purchasing manager index
reports which have shown stronger inflation in prices paid by firms
than in the prices they charge.
NEXT ROUNDS OF DATA
After Wednesday's inflation figures for April, there will be a set
of official labor market data on June 11 and May's inflation release
on June 19 before the BoE's next scheduled policy announcement on
June 20.
Due to the problems with the official jobs data, the BoE will watch
other gauges of the market even more closely than usual, including
PMI surveys due on Thursday this week.
WHEN DOES THE MARKET EXPECT A RATE CUT?
Rate futures on Monday were pricing a roughly 56% chance of the BoE
cutting Bank Rate to 5% from 5.25% next month and an almost 100%
chance of a cut by its August meeting.
Economists polled by Reuters last week were also split about the
timing of the BoE's first move but with a narrow majority seeing it
coming later than investors do: of 71 analysts who took part in the
poll, 38 expected a first cut in August while 31 pointed to June.
Two predicted it would come in September.
(Writing by William Schomberg; Editing by Christina Fincher)
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