Australian trial of gene-edited wheat aims for 10% bigger yields
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[May 23, 2024]
By Peter Hobson
CANBERRA (Reuters) - The groundwork for a major trial of gene-edited
wheat has begun in Australia, where a state company is growing hundreds
of varieties it says could be up to 10% more productive and make farming
more sustainable.
Gene-editing is an emerging technique its advocates say could create
more nutritious, hardier crops with higher yields and less need for
water, fertiliser and chemicals.
Unlike genetic modification (GMO), gene-editing does not introduce
foreign DNA, instead manipulating the existing natural genome.
Because of that, many regulators and scientists see it as less risky
than GMO and closer to traditional plant breeding. The technique also
allows more than one gene to be changed, allowing a wider range of
modifications.
Australian seed breeder InterGrain earlier this year imported several
thousand wheat seeds created by U.S. agritech company Inari, including
hundreds of new genetic variations, InterGrain chief executive Tress
Walmsley told Reuters.
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These seeds are now growing in a testing greenhouse in southeast
Queensland. Seeds from those plants will be used to grow more plants,
producing enough seeds to plant at more than 45 trial sites across the
country in the 2025 growing season, Walmsley said.
"Our job is to work out which gene combination gives the best results.
Our goal is at least 10% yield improvement. These seeds have the
potential to achieve that," she said.
"Potentially we could be looking to have products in the market in
around 2028."
10-15 TIMES FASTER
Inari uses artificial intelligence to map huge numbers of potential gene
edits and then applies CRISPR-Cas - a tool that can find and alter
selected stretches of DNA - to change multiple genes simultaneously,
allowing it to dial up or down characteristics.
Gene editing could achieve gains 10-15 times faster than traditional
plant breeding, InterGrain and Inari said.
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Grain silos are seen on the horizon near Moree, Australia, October
28, 2020. Picture taken October 28, 2020. REUTERS/Jonathan
Barrett/File Photo
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Some gene-edited crops are already available but most offer specific
nutritional improvements or disease resistance rather than a range
of changes aimed at higher productivity per unit of water or
fertilizer.
"We want to solve food security, climate change and farm
profitability at the same time," said Inari CEO Ponsi Trivisvavet.
Australia is one of the world's biggest wheat exporters, and
Walmsley said InterGrain was working to make sure regulatory
processes were in place that would allow Australia to sell
gene-edited crops into its export markets.
Regulators in countries including the U.S. and Japan have decided
gene-edited crops are akin to those derived from breeding, making
their approval simpler.
The European Union is moving in a similar direction, and China, the
biggest wheat producer and consumer, this month approved a
gene-edited disease-resistant wheat for planting.
Inari is also working with seed companies to commercially launch a
gene-edited high-yielding soybean in the U.S. It did not say what
yield improvements these beans offered.
Genetically modified soybeans and corn have been widely adopted in
recent decades but consumers and regulators have been less willing
to sanction GMO wheat because unlike soybeans and corn, which are
mainly fed to animals, wheat is a staple food for humans.
(Reporting by Peter Hobson; Editing by Lincoln Feast.)
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