North Korea says it tried new fuel in satellite launch that ended in
fiery explosion
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[May 28, 2024]
By Ju-min Park and Josh Smith
SEOUL (Reuters) -North Korea's latest satellite launch exploded in a
fireball before dropping into the Yellow Sea just minutes after lifting
off, but analysts say the attempt showcased new strides in the
nuclear-armed country's race for space.
North Korea said its latest attempt to launch a military reconnaissance
satellite failed in flight on Monday during the rocket's first stage,
which featured a new "liquid oxygen and petroleum engine".
An initial analysis suggested that the cause of the failure involved the
newly developed liquid-fuel rocket motor, but other possible causes were
being investigated, a report carried by state media KCNA said.
Although state media did not name the rocket or release photos, analysts
said it was most likely different from the Chollima-1 rocket used in the
successful satellite launch in November 2023. The Chollima-1, which also
suffered several explosive test failures, uses hypergolic fuels,
substances that can be stored at room temperature but ignite on contact
each other, requiring careful handling.
U.S. officials and independent analysts said the Chollima-1 appeared to
be based on systems developed for North Korea's nuclear-tipped
intercontinental ballistic missiles, which typically do not use liquid
oxygen because of frigid temperatures required for storage.
A petroleum fuel and liquid oxygen engine may suggest that Russia, which
vowed last year to help North Korea's satellite program, may have
provided assistance, said Lee Choon-geun, an honorary research fellow at
South Korea's Science and Technology Policy Institute.
"Even if it failed, it is a huge leap," he said, noting that some of
South Korea's space rockets were initially developed with Russia decades
ago and use similar technology. "Russia is the strongest country for
liquid oxygen-kerosene fuel, and our Naro and Nuri rockets have adopted
it through technical cooperation with Russia."
Liquid oxygen boils at -183°C (–297°F), and requires specialized fuel
storage and other equipment, Lee said. That may account for why North
Korea conducted multiple static rocket tests late last year, he added.
"It is quite difficult to solve combustion instability problems of this
fuel system and apply materials and parts that can withstand extremely
low temperatures," Lee said.
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Some analysts questioned why North Korea would switch engine types,
but Lee said it could allow Pyongyang to separate its civilian space
program from the ballistic missiles banned by the United Nations
Security Council.
Russian experts have visited North Korea to help with the satellite
and space rocket program, Yonhap news agency reported, citing an
unnamed South Korean senior defense official.
Neither Moscow nor Pyongyang have detailed what aid is being
provided.
Shin Jong-woo, a senior researcher at the Korea Defense and Security
Forum, said that if Russia helped design the new rocket or
satellite, North Korea would also most likely need Russian
components well into the future, deepening the cooperation.
"North Koreans can re-launch soon if they obtain and analyze data
correctly for that two-minute flight," Shin said.
South Korea's military, however, said it could take North Korea some
time before it can try to launch again.
South Korea released video footage on Tuesday that its military said
showed the moment the launch ended in failure.
The one-minute black-and-white video provided by the South's Joint
Chiefs of Staff (JCS) showed what appeared to be an explosion in the
sky followed by flashes.
The footage was filmed by an observation device on a South Korean
patrol vessel, the JCS said.
Footage released on Monday by Japanese broadcaster NHK, filmed from
the Chinese border city of Dandong, showed a similar ball of flame
that officials said was probably exploding fuel.
Nuclear envoys of South Korea, the United States and Japan had a
phone call on Tuesday and strongly condemned the launch as a direct
violation of the U.N. Security Council resolutions banning the
North's use of ballistic missile technology, Seoul's foreign
ministry said.
The launch came hours after China, South Korea, and Japan wrapped up
a rare three-way summit in Seoul.
(Reporting by Ju-min Park, Hyunsu Yim, and Josh Smith; Writing by
Josh Smith;Editing by Ed Davies, Stephen Coates and Gerry Doyle)
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