Fall cleanup in the garden doesn't mean what it used to
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[September 25, 2024]
By JESSICA DAMIANO
Cleaning up the garden — or “putting the garden to bed” — has
traditionally been a fall endeavor. In recent years, however, as
information about the migrating or hibernating habits of birds,
pollinators and other beneficial wildlife has seeped into the
mainstream, many gardeners are postponing their big cleanups until
spring. And that’s a good thing.
But there are quite a few tasks that still should be tended to now. Some
are holdovers from the old protocol; others are new ways of tackling
conventional chores that have evolved with our better understanding of
the ecosystem.
Take leaf removal. Raking (and more recently, blowing) has long been a
harbinger of fall. However, bagging and trashing those leaves — and the
shelter they would provide for overwintering insects, not to mention the
pollinator eggs attached to their undersides — has given way to the
“leave the leaves” movement in recent years.
Homeowners are realizing that sending a plastic bag of organic matter to
a landfill not only ensures it will outlast themselves, but also amounts
to throwing away free fertilizer. Allowing leaves to remain where they
fall around perennials, trees and shrubs, and moving them from lawns to
beds and borders enriches the soil with plant-boosting nutrients. It
also provides shelter and habitat for overwintering pollinators.
Instead of cutting every perennial to ground level before the first
frost, gardeners are now being selective. Allowing the dried seed heads
of plants like purple coneflower (Echinacea), black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia),
anise hyssop (Agastache), goldenrod (Solidago) and others to stand all
winter will provide food for nonmigratory birds.
Leaving ornamental grasses standing provides shelter for wildlife and
traps snow, which insulates and protects roots.
A few plants, however, should be cut down in the fall. Hostas are a
favorite hideaway for overwintering slugs and pests, while
winter-standing irises protect the dreaded iris borer eggs.
Plants susceptible to mildew, like peonies, phlox and bee balm, are best
cut back, even if they weren’t infected.
The above-ground growth of plants that were diseased this past season
also needs to go, regardless of the pathogen. Don’t allow their fallen
leaves or plant parts to remain on the ground, or they’ll infect the
soil and next year’s plants. Never compost them.
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This July 11, 2017 photo shows Purple Coneflowers appear in a front
yard garden in Dallas, Texas on July 11, 2017. Instead of cutting
every perennial to ground level before the first frost, gardeners
are now being selective. Allowing the dried seed heads of plants
like purple coneflower (Echinacea), and others to stand all winter
will provide food for nonmigratory birds. (AP Photo/Benny Snyder,
File)
Fall is also the time to dig up and
store tender bulbs like gladiolas, dahlias, cannas, tuberous
begonias and elephant ears.
Pull up spent annuals and collect their seeds. Store them in a paper
envelope or glass jar in a cool, dark place for next season.
And weed. There’s an old expression that goes, “One year’s seedling
makes seven years of weeding.” That’s an understatement, as some
weed seeds can remain viable in the soil for decades. Pull them up
by their roots before they set seed. You’ll thank yourself next
year.
Harvest the last of your summer vegetables. Eat what you can and
preserve, dry or freeze what you can’t.
Plant garlic and spring-flowering bulbs.
Clear summer-crop beds of debris. And, if you really want to hit the
ground running next spring, test your soil’s pH, amend it if
indicated, and spread a 3-inch layer of compost over the bare soil.
Apply 3 inches of mulch around plants and trees, but wait until
after the ground freezes. It will keep soil temperatures even and
protect roots from heaving during the freeze-thaw cycles of winter.
Push the mulch a few inches away from shrub and tree trunks, or they
may rot.
Terra cotta absorbs water, and pots can become damaged when that
water freezes and expands. Store them indoors.
Finally, prepare yourself for the magic of spring. I’m not being
hokey. It really is magic: Those leaves you spend hours cleaning up
or pushing aside now will magically reappear in a few months, and
you’ll find yourself raking again. I can’t explain why. You just
will.
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