Iraq's prime minister seeks closer US ties while keeping armed groups at
bay
[July 29, 2025]
By ABBY SEWELL and QASSIM ABDUL-ZAHRA
BAGHDAD (AP) — The prime minister of Iraq has kept his country on the
sidelines as military conflicts raged nearby for almost two years. This
required balancing Iraq's relations with two countries vital to his
power and enemies with each other: the U.S. and Iran.
The feat became especially difficult last month when war broke out
between Israel, a U.S. ally, and Iran — and the U.S. struck Iranian
nuclear sites. Mohammed Shia al-Sudani said he used a mix of political
and military pressure to stop armed groups aligned with Iran from
entering the fray.
In an exclusive interview with The Associated Press, Al-Sudani explains
how he did this, how he plans to keep these groups in check going
forward and — as he seeks a second term — why he wants to get closer to
the Trump administration, even as he maintains strong ties to
Iran-backed political parties that helped propel him to power in 2022.
Staying on the sidelines as Israel and Iran traded blows
After Israel launched airstrikes on Iran and it responded by firing
missiles at Tel Aviv, armed groups in Iraq attempted to launch missiles
and drones toward Israel and at bases in Iraq housing U.S. troops, al-Sudani
said. But they were thwarted 29 times by Iraqi government “security
operations” that he did not detail.
“We know that the (Israeli) government had a policy — and still does —
of expanding the war in the region,” al-Sudani said. “Therefore, we made
sure not to give any justification to any party to target Iraq."
Al-Sudani said his government also reached out to leaders in Iran "to
urge them toward calm and to make room for dialogue and a return to
negotiations."
The future of the US presence in Iraq is in flux
The U.S. and Iraq last year announced an agreement to wrap up the
mission of an American-led coalition in Iraq fighting the Islamic State
— and in March al-Sudani announced that the head of IS in Iraq and Syria
had been killed in a joint Iraqi-U.S. operation. The first phase of the
coalition's drawdown was supposed to be completed by September 2025, but
there has been little sign of it happening.
Al-Sudani said the U.S. and Iraq will meet by the end of the year to
“arrange the bilateral security relationship” between the two countries.
He also hopes to secure U.S. economic investment — in oil and gas, and
also artificial intelligence — which he said would contribute to
regional security and make ”the two countries great together."
A variety of militias sprung up in Iraq in the years after the 2003 U.S.
invasion that toppled former autocratic leader Saddam Hussein. And since
the war between Israel and Hamas began in October 2023, sparking
regionwide conflicts, an array of pro-Iran armed factions have
periodically launched strikes on bases housing U.S. troops.
Al-Sudani said the presence of the coalition forces had provided a
“justification” for Iraqi groups to arm themselves, but that once the
coalition withdrawal is complete, “there will be no need or no
justification for any group to carry weapons outside the scope of the
state."
The fate of Iran-backed militias in Iraq is unclear
One of the most complicated issues for al-Sudani is how to handle the
Popular Mobilization Forces, a coalition of mostly Shiite, Iran-backed
militias that formed to fight IS. This coalition was formally placed
under the control of the Iraqi military in 2016, although in practice it
still operates with significant autonomy.
The Iraqi parliament is discussing legislation that would solidify the
relationship between the military and the PMF, drawing objections from
Washington. The State Department said in a statement last week that the
legislation “would institutionalize Iranian influence and armed
terrorist groups undermining Iraq’s sovereignty.”
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Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed al-Sudani speaks during an interview
with The Associated Press in Baghdad on Monday, July 28, 2025. (AP
Photo/Hadi Mizban)
Al-Sudani defended the proposed legislation, saying it's part of an
effort to ensure that arms are controlled by the state. “Security
agencies must operate under laws and be subject to them and be held
accountable," he said.
Indications of weak state authority
In recent weeks, a series of drone attacks have targeted oil
facilities in northern Iraq’s semiautonomous Kurdish region.
Kurdish regional authorities accused groups in the PMF of carrying
out the attacks. Authorities in Baghdad disputed this, but haven't
assigned blame. Al-Sudani called the attacks a “terrorist act” and
said his government is working with Kurdish authorities and
coalition forces to identify those responsible and hold them
accountable.
Just as the drone attacks have called into question Baghdad's
control over armed groups, so has the case of Israeli-Russian
researcher Elizabeth Tsurkov, who went missing in Iraq in 2023.
Her family believes she is being held by the Iraqi militia Kataib
Hezbollah, and there have reportedly been U.S.-mediated negotiations
to negotiate her release.
Al-Sudani did not name the group responsible for Tsurkov’s
kidnapping, but he pushed back against the idea that his government
has not made serious efforts to free her. He said his government has
a team dedicated to finding her.
“We do not negotiate with gangs and kidnappers,” he said, but the
team has been in discussions with political factions that might be
able to help locate her.
Rebuilding relations with Damascus
Relations between Iraq and the new government in Syria have been
tenuous since the fall of former President Bashar Assad in December,
after a lightning offensive led by Sunni Islamist insurgents.
Syria's interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa was formerly known by the
nom de guerre Abu Mohammed al-Golani. He once joined the ranks of
al-Qaida insurgents battling U.S. forces in Iraq after the U.S.-led
invasion in 2003. Al-Sharaa still faces a warrant for his arrest on
terrorism charges in Iraq.
Al-Sharaa has since broken with al-Qaida and has fought against the
Islamic State. Al-Sudani said his government is coordinating with
the new Syrian government, particularly on security matters.
“We and the administration in Syria certainly have a common enemy,
ISIS, which is clearly and openly present inside Syria,” he said.
Al-Sudani said his government has warned the Syrians against the
mistakes that occurred in Iraq after Saddam's fall, when the ensuing
security vacuum spawned years of sectarian violence and the rise of
armed extremist groups. In recent weeks, sectarian violence in Syria
has shaken the country's fragile postwar recovery.
Al-Sudani called for Syria’s current leadership to pursue a
“comprehensive political process that includes all components and
communities.”
“We do not want Syria to be divided," he said. "This is unacceptable
and we certainly do not want any foreign presence on Syrian soil,”
apparently alluding to Israel's incursions into southern Syria.
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