South Africa opens a new inquiry into apartheid-era killings known as
Cradock Four
[June 19, 2025]
By MICHELLE GUMEDE
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — When Nombuyiselo Mhlauli was given her husband's
body back for burial, he had more than 25 stab wounds in his chest and
seven in his back, with a gash across his throat. His right hand was
missing.
Sicelo Mhlauli was one of four Black men abducted, tortured and killed
40 years ago this month by apartheid-era security forces in South
Africa. No one has been held accountable for their deaths.
But a new judge-led inquiry into the killings of the anti-apartheid
activists who became known as the Cradock Four — and who became a
rallying cry for those denied justice — opened this month.
It is part of a renewed push for the truth by relatives of some of the
thousands of people killed by police and others during the years of
white minority rule and enforced racial segregation.
Mhlauli described the state of her husband's body during testimony she
gave at the start of the inquiry in the city of Gqeberha, near where the
Cradock Four were abducted in June 1985. Relatives of some of the three
other men also testified.
Thumani Calata never got to know her father, Fort Calata, who had been a
teacher. She was born two weeks after the funerals of the Cradock Four,
which drew huge crowds and galvanized resistance to apartheid.
“I don’t know how it feels, and I will never know how it feels, to be
hugged by my dad,” Thumani Calata, now 39, told the inquiry as she wept.
Two previous inquiries were held during apartheid. A two-year inquest
that started in 1987 found the men were killed by unknown people.
Another in 1993 said they were killed by unnamed policemen.
Police officers implicated have since died
Relatives of the Cradock Four likely will never see justice. The six
former police officers directly implicated in the abductions and
killings have died, the last one in 2023. None was prosecuted despite
the post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission identifying them
and denying them amnesty in the late 1990s.
That commission, set up by then-President Nelson Mandela, attempted to
confront the atrocities of apartheid in the years after the system
officially ended in 1994. While some killers were granted amnesty, more
than 5,000 applications were refused and recommended for criminal
investigation.
Hardly any made it to court.
Oscar van Heerden, a political analyst at the University of
Johannesburg, said the bitter emotion of relatives at the Cradock Four
inquiry showed wounds have not healed.
“Where it was felt that truth was not spoken and there wasn’t sufficient
evidence to warrant forgiveness, those were cases that were supposed to
be formally charged, prosecuted and justice should have prevailed," van
Heerden said. "None of that happened.”
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A sign displayed on a beach in the Western Cape Province reads
"White Area" during the apartheid in South Africa on June 23, 1976.
(AP Photo, File)
Taking the government to court
The failure by post-apartheid governments for 25 years to pursue
cases is now being scrutinized. Frustrated, the families of the
Cradock Four finally forced authorities to rule last year that there
would be a new inquiry into the killings.
They also joined with a group of relatives of other apartheid-era
victims to take the South African government to court this year over
the failure to investigate so many crimes.
As part of the settlement in that case, South African President
Cyril Ramaphosa ordered a national inquiry led by a retired judge
into why apartheid-era killers were not brought to justice. The
inquiry, which has not opened yet, threatens to expose further
uncomfortable moments for South Africa.
While the majority of victims of political violence during apartheid
were Black and other people of color, some were white, and families
have come together across racial lines. A group of survivors and
relatives from the 1993 Highgate Hotel massacre, where unknown men
opened fire in a bar full of white customers, joined with the
Cradock Four families and others in the case against the government.
They allege that post-apartheid authorities deliberately blocked
investigations.
Other inquests have been reopened, including one into the 1967 death
of Albert Luthuli, who was president of the banned anti-apartheid
African National Congress movement when he was hit by a train.
Luthuli's death has been viewed with suspicion for more than 50
years.
Last chance to know the truth
At the Cradock Four inquiry, which is expected to resume in October
for more testimony, Howard Varney, a lawyer for the families, said
this is their last chance to know the truth.
The new inquiry has attempted to retrace the killings, from the
moment of the men's abduction at a nighttime police roadblock to the
time their bodies were discovered, burned and with signs of torture.
The families also want a former military commander and ex-police
officers who may have knowledge of the killings to testify.
Lukhanyo Calata, the son of Fort Calata, said he accepted it was
unlikely anyone would ever be prosecuted over the death of his
father and his friends Mhlauli, Matthew Goniwe and Sparrow Mkonto.
But he said he wants official records to finally show who killed
them.
“Justice now can really only come in the form of truth,” Lukhanyo
Calata told The Associated Press. “They may not have been
prosecuted, they may not have been convicted, but according to court
records, this is the truth around the murders of the Cradock Four.”
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