Kennedy's vaccine advisers change COVID shot guidance, calling them an
individual choice
[September 20, 2025]
ATLANTA (AP) — Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s new vaccine
advisers added confusion Friday to this fall’s COVID-19 vaccinations —
declining to recommend them for anyone and leaving the choice up to
those who want a shot.
Until now, the vaccinations had been recommended as a routine step in
the fall for nearly all Americans — just like a yearly flu vaccine.
The Food and Drug Administration already had placed new restrictions on
this year’s shots from Pfizer, Moderna and Novavax, reserving them for
people over 65 or younger ones who are deemed at higher risk from the
virus.
In a series of votes Friday, advisers to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention took the unprecedented step of not recommending them even
for high-risk populations like seniors. Instead they decided people
could make individual decisions after talking with a doctor, nurse or
pharmacist.
The panel also urged the CDC to adopt stronger language around claims of
vaccine risks, despite pushback from outside medical groups who said the
shots had a proven safety record from the billions of doses administered
worldwide.
The divided panel narrowly avoided urging states to require a
prescription for the shot. The move came after protests from some of the
advisers that the extra step would block access to vaccination.
“I have to wait a year” to see his primary care provider, said panelist
Dr. Cody Meissner of Dartmouth College. “It's essentially going to be a
barrier.”
The meeting represented the latest example of Kennedy’s monthslong
effort to reshape the nation’s vaccine policies to match his
long-standing suspicions about the safety and effectiveness of
well-established shots.
Independent public health experts reacted with relief that the panel
didn't add more roadblocks to vaccination, but they said the lack of a
recommendation will prove confusing for people who don't know if a shot
might benefit them.
“The good news is anyone can get this vaccine. The bad news is that no
one is encouraged to get it even if you’re in a high-risk group,” said
Dr. Paul Offit, a Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia vaccine researcher
and former government adviser who has sparred with Kennedy for years.
Dr. Sean O’Leary of the American Academy of Pediatrics said the panel's
daylong debate involved clear efforts to sow distrust about vaccines
that would have “real-time impacts on American children.”
But he said people could instead follow guidelines from his and other
medical groups that still make specific recommendations for the
vaccines.
“It was a very, very strange meeting,” O’Leary said.
Several states have announced policies to try to assure that access,
worried about Friday’s decision. And a group representing most health
insurers, America’s Health Insurance Plans, said earlier this week that
its members will continue covering the shots through 2026.
The panel's decision still must go to the CDC’s interim director, Jim
O’Neill, for sign-off. A former investor, critic of health regulations
and Kennedy’s deputy at HHS, O’Neill recently took the lead at the
agency following the firing of its Senate-confirmed director, Susan
Monarez.
COVID-19 remains a public health threat. CDC data released in June shows
the virus resulted in 32,000 to 51,000 U.S. deaths and more than 250,000
hospitalizations last fall and winter. Most at risk for hospitalization
are seniors and young children, especially those who were unvaccinated.
The COVID-19 vaccines are not perfect, but CDC data shows they provide
the strongest protection against severe infection and death, even if
people still become infected. Likewise, people can get COVID-19
repeatedly as the virus continues to evolve.
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Committee member, Dr. Joseph Hibbeln, listens during a meeting of
the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices at the CDC on
Thursday, Sept. 18, 2025, in Chamblee, Ga. (AP Photo/Brynn Anderson)
 Like flu vaccines, COVID-19 shots
now are being updated yearly, but only about 44% of seniors and 13%
of children were up-to-date on the coronavirus vaccinations last
year, the CDC said.
The meeting was more freewheeling and chaotic than in the past. Many
committee members challenged CDC's data, and raised questions about
studies in mice or other concerns that the agency's own safety
surveillance hadn't deemed credible.
The panel did recommend that the CDC add more information about
risks and uncertainties to vaccine sheets that are given to
patients.
“I don’t think the effects on access are as dramatic as they could
have been,” said Dr. Jesse Goodman of Georgetown University, a
former FDA vaccine chief. “But there’s a lot that’s uncertain and
the negative effect on public trust will continue.”
One risk that already is on the vaccines' label is a rare side
effect called myocarditis, a kind of heart inflammation, that was
discovered in the early days of vaccination in 2021. On Friday, a
scientist studying whether people with certain genes are uniquely
susceptible to that risk told the panel the Trump administration had
canceled his grant before the research could be finished.
The COVID-19 debate was only one issue the panel tackled during its
two-day meeting. In other steps:
— The advisers postponed a decision on whether to end a longstanding
CDC recommendation that all newborns be vaccinated at birth against
a liver virus, hepatitis B.
The panel had been considering whether to recommend delaying that
initial vaccination — something doctors and parents already can
choose to do — but pulled back amid criticism from independent
pediatric and infectious disease specialists who say the vaccine is
safe and has helped infant infections drop sharply.
— On Thursday, the panel recommended a new restriction on another
childhood vaccine.
They recommended that for children under 4, their first dose of
protection against MMR — measles, mumps and rubella — and chickenpox
should be in separate shots, not a combination version known as MMRV.
Since 2009, the CDC has said it prefers separate shots for initial
doses of those vaccines and 85% of toddlers already do.
On Friday, the committee also recommended that the government’s
Vaccines for Children program — which covers vaccine costs for about
half of U.S. kids — align its guidance with that narrower MMRV
usage.
President Donald Trump was asked Friday if he was comfortable with
the CDC advisers' recommendation or if he’d like Americans to take
the shots that were developed under his Operation Warp Speed at the
height of the pandemic. Trump, who got the virus in October 2020
before the vaccine was available, said he remained “very proud” of
Operation Warp Speed, and was not upset that Kennedy was skeptical
of the vaccine.
“I had the vaccine and I was very happy with it," Trump said.
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Neergaard reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Matt
Perrone in Washington and JoNel Aleccia in Temecula, California,
contributed to this report.
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