Getting to 'no': Europe's leaders find a way to speak with one voice
against Trump
[January 26, 2026]
By LAURIE KELLMAN
LONDON (AP) — No more fawning praise. No more polite workarounds and
old-style diplomacy. And no one is calling Donald Trump “daddy” now.
European leaders who scrambled for a year to figure out how to deal with
an emboldened American president in his second term edged closer to
saying “no,” or something diplomatically like it, to his disregard for
international law and his demands for their territory. Trump's vow to
take over Greenland and punish any country that resists, seems to have
been the crucible.
"Red lines" were deemed to have been crossed this year when Trump
abruptly revived his demand that the United States “absolutely” must
rule Greenland, the semiautonomous region that is part of NATO ally
Denmark. That pushed even the most mild-mannered diplomats to issue
sharp warnings against Trump, whom they had flattered withroyal
treatment and fawning praise.
“Britain will not yield" its support for Greenland's sovereignty,
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said. Several of the continent's
leaders said “Europe will not be blackmailed” over Greenland.
“Threats have no place among allies,” said Norwegian Prime Minister
Jonas Gahr Støre.
The tough diplomatic talk around the showdown last week in Davos,
Switzerland, was not the only factor pressuring Trump. U.S.
congressional elections are approaching in November amid a sinking stock
market and wilting approval ratings. European leaders also are not the
first to stand in Trump's way during his second term — see Federal
Reserve Chair Jerome Powell.
But the dramatic turnabout among Europe's elite, from “appeasing” Trump
to defying him, offers clues in the ongoing effort among some nations of
how to say “no” to a president who hates hearing it and is known to
retaliate.
“We want a piece of ice for world protection, and they won’t give it,”
Trump told his audience at the World Economic Forum. “You can say yes,
and we will be very appreciative. Or you can say no, and we will
remember.”
Lesson 1: Speak as one
In recent days, Europe offered abundant refusals to go along with Trump,
from his Greenland demand and joining his new Board of Peace and even to
what Canada's Mark Carney called the “fiction” that the alliance
functions for the benefit of any country more than the most powerful.
The moment marked a unity among European leaders that they had struggled
to achieve for a year.
“When Europe is not divided, when we stand together and when we are
clear and strong also in our willingness to stand up for ourselves, then
the results will show,” Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said. “I
think we have learned something.”
Federiksen herself exemplified the learning curve. A year ago, she and
other leaders were on their heels and mostly responding to the Trump
administration. She found it necessary to tell reporters in February
2025, “We are not a bad ally,” after Vice President JD Vance had said
Denmark was “not being a good ally.”
Trump is transactional. He has little use for diplomacy and no “need
(for) international law,” he told The New York Times this month. Therein
lay the disconnect between typically collaborative European leaders and
the Republican president when he blazed back into the White House saying
he wanted the U.S. to take over Greenland, Panama and perhaps even
Canada.
“In Trump's first term, Europe didn't know what to expect and tried to
deal with him by using the old rules of diplomacy, with the expectation
that, if they kept talking to him in measured terms, that he would
change his behavior and move into the club,” said Mark Shanahan,
associate professor of political engagement at the University of
Surrey,.
“It's very hard for other leaders who deal with each other through the
niceties of a rules-based system and diplomatic conversation," Shanahan
said. "It is hard for them to change.”
Five months after Trump's inauguration last year, with his Greenland
threat in the air, European leaders had gotten their heads around Trump
management enough to pull off a meeting of NATO nations in the
Netherlands. NATO members agreed to contribute more and widely gave
Trump credit for forcing them to modernize.
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President Donald Trump, right, meets with NATO Secretary General
Mark Rutte on the sidelines of the Annual Meeting of the World
Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Jan. 21, 2026. (AP Photo/Evan
Vucci, File)
Secretary-General Mark Rutte, known as the coalition's “Trump
whisperer," likened the president's role quieting the Iran-Israel
war to a “daddy” intervening in a schoolyard brawl.
Lesson 2: Consider saying no — and make choices accordingly
Traditional diplomacy exists to preserve possibilities of working
together. That often means avoiding saying a flat “no” if possible.
But Trump's Greenland gambit was so stark a threat from one NATO
member to another that Greenland's prime minister actually said the
word.
“Enough,” Jens-Frederik Nielsen said in a statement shortly after
Trump's remarks Jan. 5. “No more pressure. No more hints. No more
fantasies about annexation.”
That played a part in setting the tone. Denmark's leader said any
such invasion of Greenland would mark the end of NATO and urged
alliance members to take the threat seriously.
They did, issuing statement after statement rejecting the renewed
threat. Trump responded last weekend from his golf course in Florida
with a threat to charge a 10% import tax within a month on goods
from eight European nations — Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France,
Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Finland. The rate,
he wrote, would climb to 25% on June 1 if no deal was in place for
“the Complete and Total purchase of Greenland” by the United States.
Lesson 3: Reject Trump's big-power paradigm
Trump's fighting words lit a fire among leaders arriving in Davos.
But they seemed to recognize, too, that the wider Trump world left
him vulnerable.
“Trump was in a fairly weak position because he has a lot of other
looming problems going on,” domestically, including an upcoming U.S.
Supreme Court decision on his tariffs and a backlash to immigration
raids in Minnesota, said Duncan Snidal, professor emeritus of
international relations at Oxford University and the University of
Chicago.
Canada's Carney said no by reframing the question not as being about
Greenland, but about whether it was time for European countries to
build power together against a “bully" — and his answer was yes.
Without naming the U.S. or Trump, Carney spoke bluntly: Europe, he
said, should reject the big power's “coercion” and “exploitation."
It was time to accept, he said, that a “rupture” in the alliance,
not a transition, had occurred.
Unsaid, Snidel pointed out, was that the rupture was very new, and
though it might be difficult to repair in the future, doing so under
adjusted rules remains in U.S. and European interests beyond Trump's
presidency. “It's too good a deal for all of them not to,” Snidel
said.
Lesson 4: Exercise caution
Before Trump stepped away from the podium in Davos, he had begun to
back down.
He canceled his threat to use “force” to take over Greenland. Not
long after, he reversed himself fully, announcing “the framework"
for a deal that would make his tariff threat unnecessary.
Trump told Fox Business that “we’re going to have total access to
Greenland,” under the “framework," without divulging what that might
mean.
Frederiksen hit the warning button again. In a statement, she said,
“We cannot negotiate on our sovereignty."
In other words: “No.”
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