|
 "I don't want to sound too dogmatic and say, 'You
must stop drinking,'" lead author Dr. Tuhina Neogi told Reuters
Health. But, the Boston University rheumatologist said, "based on
this study, I would counsel patients that any type of alcohol may
trigger an attack."
"It's not just beer or hard liquor that can trigger attacks, but
also wine," she said.
Gout is a potentially debilitating form of arthritis that afflicts
more than 8 million American adults, and the number is rising,
Neogi's team writes in The American Journal of Medicine.
The so-called disease of kings causes joints to swell and redden. It
most often strikes overweight men's big toes but also claims feet,
ankles, knees, hands and wrists. A link between intoxicating
beverages and gout has been suspected since ancient times.
A 2004 landmark study of more than 47,000 men found that drinking
beer and hard liquor — but not wine — increased the risk of
developing gout.
Neither has wine been shown in other studies to bring on attacks in
people who already have gout, the way beer and liquor have.
Nonetheless, Neogi said, some of her patients report "they can't
even sniff wine without having a gout attack."
To investigate the effects of all types of alcohol on the short-term
risk of a gout flare-up, Neogi and her team examined survey
responses from 724 adults with gout, 78 percent of them men, from
across the United States between 2003 and 2012.
Study participants completed questionnaires every few months about
their gout attacks, medications, exercise, alcohol use and diet.
The more alcohol they drank, Neogi's team found, the greater their
risk of having a gout attack within 24 hours.
A 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-ounce beer or up to 1.5 ounces of
liquor were considered one drink.
The researchers compared the study participants to themselves on
days when they had no alcohol.
When participants had a single drink, the risk of gout attack didn't
change much. But with one to two drinks in a 24-hour period, the
risk of a gout attack rose by 36 percent. With two to four drinks,
the risk rose by 50 percent.
Wine was one of the worst triggers, at least for men. Regularly
drinking a glass or two of wine hiked the odds of recurrent attacks
by 138 percent, and drinking two to four servings of beer raised the
risk by 75 percent.
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"Moderate drinking," which is one drink for women and two drinks
for men, did not significantly raise women's risk, but there were
too few women in the study to estimate the effect, the researchers
note.
"Our study results indicate that alcohol intake, regardless of type,
can increase the risk of gout attacks," Neogi said. "Additionally,
increasing amounts of alcohol intake of any type, even at moderate
levels, can increase risk of gout attacks."
Wine may not have raised the risk of developing gout in past studies
for a variety of reasons, Neogi's team points out in their report.
People who drink only wine tend to have healthier diets and
lifestyles, overall, than people who drink only beer, for example.
"They're making healthier food choices, exercising more and not
smoking as much as beer and hard liquor drinkers," Neogi said. That
may have masked wine's effect on gout in the 2004 study.
Dr. Gary Curhan of Harvard Medical School, senior author of that
study, told Reuters Health in an email, "I do think that doctors
should advise their patients with gout to minimize their alcohol
intake."
Because his study controlled for diet, Curhan discounted the notion
that wine drinkers' healthier lifestyles explained differences
between his and Neogi's results.
Though Curhan's study considered some food categories associated
with gout, such as meats and seafood, it failed to include other
categories, such as processed foods, or other lifestyle factors,
like exercise and smoking, Neogi said.
"It just may be that without accounting for these other factors, we
can't see the true effects of wine," she said.
 ___
Source: http://bit.ly/1l24LWJ
The
American Journal of Medicine online Jan. 21, 2014.
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