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Features
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Conference to address
agriculture’s past and future
[OCT.
3, 2002]
Conservation leaders and
agricultural futurists will meet next week to discuss the future of
agriculture and conservation in the country’s heartland. "The
Changing Faces of Conservation and Agriculture — The Future of
Working Lands" runs Oct. 8-10 at the Moline airport Holiday Inn.
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The regional conference is sponsored by
the Soil and Water Conservation Society, the SWCS; USDA’s Natural
Resources Conservation Service, the NRCS; and other conservation
organizations.
Special guests from across the country
will share data and perspectives as they debate the challenges
production agriculture and conservation of soil and water resources
face. Discussions will include:
• Shifting history of
conservation and agriculture
• Sustainability in the
Upper Mississippi River Basin
• Relationship of
agriculture and rural communities
• Conservation delivery
systems
• Science behind changes
in agriculture and conservation
• Wildlife and animal
agricultural issues
The conference will include general and
concurrent breakout sessions where lively discussions and
information exchange can occur.
"With guest speakers such as Merlin
Bartz, special assistant to USDA’s undersecretary for natural
resources and environment, there’s tremendous opportunity for
conservation professionals and agricultural leaders to gain new
insights that will impact agriculture for generations to come," says
NRCS Illinois State Conservationist Bill Gradle.
[to top of second column in this
article]
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SWCS President Craig Cox, NRCS Regional
Conservationist Charles Whitmore, EPA Regional Administrator Jim
Gulliford and agricultural futurist Bob Treadway will also address
conference attendees.
The conference includes tours of the
John Deere East Moline Harvester Works and the Mississippi
backwaters, as well as Lock and Dam 15.
SWCS fosters the science and art of
soil, water and related natural resource management to achieve
sustainability. Members from Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri and
Wisconsin will attend the conference, and interested agricultural
producers and landowners and the public are also encouraged to
attend. Registration is $125 for SWCS members and $200 for
nonmembers (one-year membership included).
Call (515)
284-4262 or visit
http://news.swcs.org/e_article000041450.cfm
for more details.
[USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service news release]
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2003 crop rotations examined
[OCT.
3, 2002]
URBANA — Illinois farmers
should revisit their crop rotation decisions for 2003 following this
year’s dramatic increase in market prices for corn, soybeans and
wheat, said a University of Illinois Extension farm management
specialist.
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"Planting more corn and more wheat
while planting fewer soybeans may be economically advisable for
producers," said Gary Schnitkey, who recently completed a study
entitled "Crop Rotations for 2003: More Wheat and Corn?" in the
"Farm Economics: Facts and Opinions" series.
Schnitkey’s study examined yields and
direct costs for Illinois farmers and revenue less direct costs
under different price scenarios. He cautioned that farmers should
not totally rely on averages shown in the study. "Farmers should use
their own yield and direct costs for double-crop soybeans," he
emphasized.
In the study, the 2001 loan rate
scenario has prices of $1.95 for corn, $5.45 for soybeans and $2.60
for wheat. These prices reflect average Illinois loan rates under
the 1996 Farm Bill that were good planning prices from years between
1999 through 2002.
The 2003 contract price scenario used
in the study represents estimated harvest-time prices for 2003
crops. Estimates were made using futures prices as of September
2002. This scenario uses prices of $2.30 for corn, $5.15 for
soybeans and $3.30 for wheat.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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"Revenue less direct costs for these
price scenarios on high-productivity farmland show soybeans having
the highest return rate under the 2001 loan rate," said Schnitkey.
"However, relative returns under 2003 prices change dramatically.
Corn following soybeans has the higher per acre return followed by
wheat. The return for soybeans is the lowest.
"This suggests that for
high-productivity farmland, planting more corn and more wheat and
less soybeans may be an economical move. A similar result occurs
when figures for low-productivity farmland are applied to the
model."
The complete
report plus the "2002 Illinois Crop Budgets," which provided much of
the data, can be found online at:
http://www.farmdoc.uiuc.edu.
[U of I news release] |
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Scoop on the
harvest:
better than expected
[OCT.
2, 2002]
Grain trucks and wagons are
rolling in to area elevators, and, in general, corn yields are
better than expected, say area elevator managers.
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On Tuesday Hugh Whalen, general manager
of East Lincoln Farmer’s Grain Company, said the corn harvest was 45
percent to 50 percent done in the immediate Lincoln area, not so far
along in others.
"We think the harvest overall is about
35 percent done in our territory," Whalen said. "As you get over to
the east, in the Beason area, it’s not so far along. Some corn was
planted late because of the wet spring."
[East
Lincoln elevator manager Hugh Whalen talks with Lincoln area farmer
Carl Schwantz while Schwantz’s son dumps a load of corn.]
The East Lincoln elevator serves the
northwest quarter of Logan County, including Lincoln, Lawndale,
Atlanta, Beason and Johnston Siding.
"Yields are generally good," Whalen
added. "Some are below average and some above average, but all in
all the crop is fairly similar to last year’s. It’s not a
record-breaking year, but it’s much better than the yield in some
areas east and south of us. We got lucky with rain at the right
time.
"The quality of the corn looks pretty
good, too. For the most part, producers are pleased with their
crop."
The corn coming into East Lincoln is
fairly dry, with 18 percent to 19 percent moisture content, and some
is even lower. Sunshine and wind the last few days helped dry it.
Most elevators store corn at 14 percent, he said.
"Farmers are harvesting quickly because
they want to get the corn out while it is still standing and still
dry."
Paul Seaman of the Emden Farmer’s Grain
Company reported Tuesday that corn in his area is 60 percent done,
with variable yields. So far he’s heard of everything from 130
bushels to the acre to 200 bushels, with the majority in the 175 to
180 range. In sandier ground, the yields aren’t quite as good.
"Yields are better than last year. One
producer said he’s gong to be 15 percent better than last year, when
hail reduced the crop in that area," Seaman said.
However, corn in that area is coming in
with a higher moisture content than producers would like, anywhere
from 19 percent to 23 percent, Seaman said.
"We caught some showers in the middle
of August," he said, "but those showers really saved the crop for
guys who had to plant beans late because of the wet spring.
"Most of our producers are pleasantly
surprised by the yield, especially since we didn’t have optimum
conditions," he added.
The Emden elevator serves the northwest
part of Logan County and a small part of southern Tazewell County.
[Elevator
superintendent Doug Conley rakes beans through the grill in the
floor into the pit below.]
"We’ve got just over 50 percent of our
corn in," said Jeff Duckworth, general manager at Hartsburg Grain
Company.
"Corn harvest has gone pretty well,
with an unobstructed three weeks to get it in. The yields are pretty
decent, a little better than last year."
"Corn is wetter, though, because of
late planting due to spring rains. A good portion of our crop was
planted the last of May or the first of June instead of the first of
May. The moisture content is 20 to 22 percent, when it’s usually 17
or 18 percent by the first of October, so we’re doing a lot of
drying."
The Hartsburg area was lucky this year,
Duckworth said. "South and east of here, yields fall off pretty
hard, all the way to Ohio and Tennessee. We’re pretty close to the
edge of where yields turn decent."
The Elkhart Grain Company is about
halfway done with corn, according to general manager Don Ludwig.
"The yield on corn is better than we
probably could have expected, and better than last year, when the
average was only 151 bushels per acre.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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"The yield is extremely variable, from
the 120s to the 180s. Overall my guess would be that we’ll end up in
the 160s, which is average in our area. We would get very excited at
yields of 180 bushels per acre," he said.
The moisture content of corn in the
Elkhart area is variable, too. "We had 14.7 percent for some
April-planted corn, but we have some corn at over 22 percent. Some
corn planted late hasn’t been harvested yet; a lot was planted the
end of May and early June. That will probably come in on the wet
side, in the low 20s."
Ludwig said the southwest part of the
county didn’t get as much rain as some other areas.
"The Burton View and Emden areas had
better rain than we did. And when we were getting two-tenths or
three-tenths of an inch, Lincoln was getting eight- or nine-tenths.
But we were very fortunate we got what we did. The rain we got in
mid-July was a lifesaver for late-planted corn," he said.
"We are just on the edge of the
territory where yields are good. They drop off just east of here.
Our corn is better than corn on the other side of Decatur.
"Most producers are very, very pleased
with the corn yields, not because it’s the best they’ve ever had,
but because it’s better than they expected," Ludwig said.
Mark Hunsley at Burtonview Co-op, on
the west side of Lincoln, reported Tuesday that about half the corn
harvest in his area is in, and beans are just starting. Corn is
drying quickly, coming in with 18 percent to 19 percent moisture, he
said.
"The harvest is as good as last year,
if not a little better. We’ve had good rain; every time it rained
around here, we got rain. Our crop is not a record-breaker, but it’s
good."
[Photos by Joan Crabb]
[The
East Lincoln Farmer’s Grain Company elevator at Kruger Road is ready
for trucks and wagons to come in filled with grain.]
The soybean crop is just starting to
come in at East Lincoln, Whalen said, and if early beans are any
indication, the harvest should be as good as it was last year. About
15 percent of the crop is in.
Seaman said about 30 percent to 35
percent of the beans in the Emden area are in. He said it’s hard to
say how the yield is, but it’s probably going to be better than last
year. So far it looks "decent," in the mid-40s to lower 50s. Sixty
bushels per acre is a very good yield.
At the Hartsburg elevator, Duckworth is
seeing some beans that aren’t looking good. "Late rains seem to have
brought some disease in the beans. So far yields are variable."
The bean harvest has just barely
started in the Elkhart area, Ludwig said.
Prices for both corn and beans are not
as high as they were when the harvest started, but they’re better
than they were last year, according to Whalen.
Corn prices are about 50 cents higher
than last year. On Tuesday corn was at $2.43 cents a bushel, he
said. Bean prices have dropped in the last few days, down to $5.22
per bushel. That’s better than last year, but not what most people
would consider a good price, he said.
"When the harvest first started, corn
prices were up in the $2.70s," Seaman said. They were in the $2.60s
the first part of September, but we got a cash bid today for only
$2.41.
"Beans took a big hit, too. The market
slipped 60 cents in the last three weeks. Not many people are buying
beans just now. Buyers have bought more corn than beans," Seaman
said.
"Good market
demand could raise the prices later in the year, but it’s fair to
say we don’t expect to see any huge surprises," Ludwig said.
[Joan Crabb] |
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Weekly outlook
Hog
market upturn
[OCT.
1, 2002]
URBANA — Hog producers are
breathing a sigh of relief because, although they still face losses
this fall and early winter, it appears that these will not be as
severe as anticipated, said a Purdue University Extension marketing
specialist.
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"A return to break-even prices can be
anticipated by early spring, with some positive returns by late
spring and summer," said Chris Hurt. "If additional sow liquidation
occurs this fall and winter, hog prices should be strong in the last
half of 2003 and into 2004.
"For now, producers should calculate
their variable or out-of-pocket costs and continue to produce hogs
this fall, as long as they anticipate they can recover these
variable costs. In general, most will continue to keep animals in
inventory, but they should trim their least productive animals, keep
market weights moderate and continue to evaluate their long-term
strategies in this changing industry."
Hurt’s comments came as he reviewed the
USDA’s September Quarterly Hogs and Pigs report, which showed the
breeding herd to be down 1.7 percent as of Sept. 1, following a
slightly higher inventory in June.
"The panic selling of sows and
lightweight market hogs in July and August appears to have a silver
lining, as the breeding herd has shifted into liquidation and market
hog numbers will begin to decline later this fall," he said. "As a
result, the fears of insufficient slaughter capacity and horribly
depressed prices this fall have eased. Hog producers will still have
losses to face in coming months, but they will not be nearly as
large as was feared."
The decline in the breeding herd can be
attributed to rapid liquidation of sows in July (up 20 percent),
August (up 17 percent) and September (up 12 percent). During these
three months, a total of 120,000 more sows were slaughtered as
compared with the same period last year. Looking back to the spring,
sow slaughter in the months of April, May and June was also 5
percent larger than during the same period last year, representing
an additional 40,000 sows.
"Fewer sows meant that farrowings this
past summer were much lower than anticipated," said Hurt. "In the
June quarterly report, producers indicated they would farrow 2
percent more sows in the June-August period but actually reduced
farrowings by 1.5 percent.
"As a result of the smaller summer
farrowings, the inventory of market hogs was also much smaller than
anticipated. The number of pigs that weighed 120 to 179 pounds,
representing the bulk of October slaughter, was up 3 percent. But
slaughter of market animals should begin to drop below year-earlier
levels in November, as the 60- to 119-pound inventory was down
modestly. The number of pigs that will come to market in December to
February was down 1 percent."
[to top of second column in
this article]
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Hurt noted that producers indicated
that they intend to continue to reduce sow farrowings, and thus
market hog supplies, into 2003. Fall farrowing intentions were down
2.5 percent, and winter farrowing intentions were down 1 percent.
Marketing weights have also come down
sharply and are expected to help moderate pork supplies during the
next 12 months.
"The reason is high feed prices and low
hog prices," said Hurt. "The transition to lower weights occurred in
August. At the start of the month, slaughter weights were nearly 1
percent above the weights of the previous year but dropped below
year-ago weights by the end of the month. Weights have moderated
further in September, dropping as much as 2 percent below last year,
likely because of advance marketing of market hogs.
"For the fall, weights are expected to
remain slightly under those of last year but can be expected to
increase with higher hog prices into the winter. For the next 12
months, weights may be up only about 0.4 percent."
Hurt indicated the hog price tone
should improve immediately with prospects for less pork than had
been anticipated. Still, pork production in the fourth quarter of
2002 and first quarter of 2003 will likely be nearly unchanged from
production in the respective quarters in the previous year. However,
by spring and summer, supplies are expected to drop by about 2 to 3
percent. For all of 2003, pork production should be down about 2
percent.
"Fall prices for 51 to 52 percent lean
hogs are now expected to average in the $30 to $34 range," said
Hurt. "This is a substantial improvement over the mid- to higher
$20s discussed before the report. Prices should improve to the
higher $30s in the winter and keep marching higher into the spring,
when they are expected to average in the low $40s. Summer 2003
prices may reach the low to mid-$40s."
Because of the rapid liquidation,
financial losses are not expected to be nearly as large as feared
prior to the report. Total costs are currently estimated in the $39
to $41 range and have declined somewhat with moderation in corn and
meal prices since the Sept. 12 USDA grain updates. Losses in the
third quarter just completed are estimated at about
$20 per head but are expected to be
somewhat larger for the last quarter of the year, at $22 per head.
"However, by
winter, losses should be reduced to about $5 per head," said Hurt.
"There is potential for a return to break-even prices by the spring
and some profits by summer. Lower feed prices by the fall of 2003
could drop costs back into the higher $30s."
[U
of I news release]
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Aflatoxin guidelines
for livestock producers
[SEPT.
28, 2002]
URBANA — Some parts of
Illinois are reporting moldy corn after a growing season marked by
heat and stress. Livestock producers need to exercise caution if
they are feeding corn possibly tainted by mold, said Michael Hutjens,
University of Illinois Extension dairy specialist.
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"Illinois toxicologists report that the
moldy corn samples they are seeing appear to be Fumonsin and
recommended that producers have tests conducted for aflatoxins, DON,
zearlenone and fumonsins in representative samples of corn," he
said. "The cost is $65 per sample to screen for four mycotoxins,
while Fumonsin alone is $30."
Mycotoxin and Fumonsin contamination of
corn fed to livestock can cause a number of problems. To avoid
these, livestock producers should have grain tested before feeding
and, if grain is found to be contaminated, strictly follow U.S. Food
and Drug Administration guidelines for its use.
"Producers also need to remember that
proper handling of damaged corn is critical, as additional growth
and mycotoxin occurs if moisture, oxygen and warm temperatures exist
during storage and handling of the damaged feed," said Hutjens.
Based on FDA guidelines, Gavin Meerdink,
U of I Extension beef and feed safety veterinarian, recommends the
following levels in feed: no more than 300 parts per billion (ppb)
in corn fed to finishing beef cattle; 200 ppb for finishing (over
100 pounds) swine; 100 ppb for breeding beef cattle, breeding swine
and mature poultry; and 20 ppb for other animal feeds.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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"Based on recommendations of U of I
Extension veterinarians, dairy cattle diets should not contain more
than 20 ppb in the total ration dry matter," said Hutjens. "This is
not because of a health threat to the lactating cow; rather it is
related to milk residues."
Hutjens said the aflatoxin is
metabolized by the dairy cow and some can be excreted in the milk.
Milk must be under the 0.5 ppb level, the maximum allowed by the
FDA.
"In addition to losses from tainted
milk, dairy producers also can see decreased feed intake by their
cows, reduced rumen VFA production, increased liver damage, lowered
reproductive efficiency and less milk yield," said Hutjens.
"All
livestock producers need to be aware of these potential problems and
exercise care in feed use of mold-damaged corn."
[U of I news release] |
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New Web
tool can map and
analyze any part of Illinois
[SEPT. 27, 2002]
URBANA — Everyone, from
farmers and natural resource experts to city planners and real
estate agents, has an innovative new Web tool at their fingertips,
thanks to the combined efforts of the University of Illinois, the
Illinois Department of Natural Resources and other agencies.
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The tool is the Resource Management
Mapping Service, the RMMS, a new website that allows people to
create maps of any area within Illinois in a matter of minutes.
"The uses for the RMMS website are as
varied as the users," said Rick Farnsworth, natural resources
economist with University of Illinois Extension. "State staff uses
RMMS to track changes in natural resources and adapt management
plans accordingly. And farmers visit the site to get a bird’s-eye
view of production or calculate acreage needed for state and federal
conservation programs."
"A long-distance runner once used the
website to measure and map a marathon route," Farnsworth added. "In
addition, real estate agents have used it to show prospective
clients the area in which they hope to buy property."
"City planners also benefit," he said.
"If a town wants to expand, they need information about the impact
this growth will have. For instance, where will this growth occur in
relation to the town’s existing boundaries? Will growth encroach on
the state’s mandated buffer around public wells or protected
habitat? They can start making decisions using the maps they create
on this website."
"One of the key strengths of RMMS is
that we have most of the data that is publicly available from state
and federal agencies," Farnsworth noted. "Users can come to one
site, locate the area of interest to them and create the maps they
need."
Users can search by county, watershed,
town or ZIP code, or they can draw rectangles on the map to zoom to
an area they want to view, he said. Once there, they can choose a
base layer on which to lay all other data layers. There are more
than a dozen base layers, including cropland maps from 1998, 1999
and 2000 or aerial photographs taken in 1998 and 1999 that allow you
to see the land in question.
After a base layer has been chosen, any
number of other layers can be added. These include:
• Resource layers, which
identify county land, lakes, rivers, watersheds, wetlands and other
natural resource features.
• Administrative layers,
which include various Department of Natural Resources districts, as
well as townships, congressional and legislative districts.
• Economic layers, such as
state highways, county roads, wells and more.
[to top of second column in
this article] |
After choosing the layers you wish to
see, simply hit the refresh button. One note of caution: Zoom in to
the area you want to map before overlaying data. Most of the data
sets are very large and take time to load. The smaller the area you
choose, the less time you will spend waiting to view your map.
When users are finished, they can
create their own log-in name and password, then load and save their
map for future reference. Maps can also be printed or e-mailed to
work associates, state agencies, family or friends.
According to Farnsworth, the next step
for the RMMS site is to create decision tools based on the
information available.
"During the first two years, our job
was to collect data and make it available over the Web," he said.
"Now we’re developing tools that will help agencies and the public
assess the impacts of land use change on the state’s natural
resources. Our partnership with IDNR and the other agencies is
focusing university research on the state’s resource problems and
providing the means in which it can be used shortly after it becomes
available."
The Wetland Impact Review Tool, or
WIRT, is the first of several such tools that will come online in
2003.
"When someone wants to change land
use," said Farnsworth, "WIRT will alert the user to likely resource
problems. Click on the WIRT tool, zoom in to the land in question
and draw a line around it. Everything else is automatic. WIRT will
give you a head’s-up on the presence of nearby wetlands, nature
preserves, streams and flood zones, to name a few."
The RMMS website is funded by the
Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the Illinois Council on
Food and Agricultural Research, C-FAR. Farnsworth believes it is a
noteworthy success story of cooperation that started with C-FAR
members setting a high priority on better resource management of the
state’s natural resources.
"C-FAR provided funds to collect data
and build new partnerships between the university and the state of
Illinois," said Farnsworth. "The end result will be a
state-of-the-art system that IDNR and the public can use to protect
the state’s soil, water, plant and animal resources."
The RMMS
website is located at
http://space1.itcs.uiuc.edu/website/rmms.
[University
of Illinois press
release] |
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