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Features
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Use of
ethanol byproducts as feed
[SEPT.
25, 2002]
URBANA — The rapid growth of
the ethanol industry in the Midwest has had a spinoff benefit for
the Illinois livestock industry — an increased quantity of potential
feed, according to University of Illinois Extension specialists.
Distillers’ grains are produced as byproducts of the fermentation of
grain into alcohol. The grains are fed wet or dried and sold as a
high-protein or energy grain feed.
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"Historically, this product has not
been used in swine diets because of the low protein quality, low
amino acid digestibility, high fiber content and the nutrient
variability among the sources," said Gilbert Hollis, U of I
Extension swine specialist. "This left an image of an inferior
ingredient for swine diets."
However, recent University of Minnesota
research indicates that new ethanol plants are producing byproducts
with higher nutrient content and digestibility than that listed in
the 1998 National Research Council publication on swine nutrient
requirements.
"Distillers’ grain should be positioned
as a protein supplement in the rations of dairy cows," said Mike
Hutjens, U of I dairy specialist. "Five pounds of dried distillers’
grain (DDG) or 10 pounds of wet distillers’ grain (WDG) is a
‘conservative’ upper limit. These levels could provide one-half of
the supplemental protein, with the remaining half from soybean
meal-based protein supplements."
According to Dan Faulkner, U of I
Extension beef specialist, DDG or WDG can be fed as up to 30 percent
of a beef cattle diet.
"Based on the energy content of
distillers’ grain for beef cattle, DDG’s break-even price was
reported at $94 a ton, and WDG with 45 percent dry matter was $47,"
he said.
For swine, Hollis said distillers’
grains have higher protein, fat and fiber content than corn due to
the fermentation process removing the starch component.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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"Distillers’ byproducts do have several
features that limit use in swine diets," he noted. "The high fiber
content may cause diarrhea in young pigs. Distillers’ grains will
have a lower metabolizable energy content due to less starch. The
crude protein content is relatively high, but the amino acid profile
is not well-balanced."
Hollis added that swine diets
containing distillers’ dried grain with solubles need to be
formulated on a digestible lysine and energy basis. Formulating the
diet on a crude protein basis will result in a lysine deficiency and
possibly a deficiency of other amino acids, which will reduce growth
performance.
All three specialists noted there are a
number of guidelines livestock producers need to follow when using
distillers’ grains in feed.
Guidelines
are available on the Web at
http://il-traill.outreach.uiuc.edu/.
Click on the PorkNet icon and then on the "DDGS Feeding" topic.
Information about dairy and beef cattle feeding guidelines can also
be found at that site. Click on the DairyNet icon and then search
for "distillers." This will take users to a January report,
"Distillers Grain Opportunities" by Hutjens.
[U of I news release] |
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Weekly outlook
Corn and soybean markets
[SEPT.
24, 2002]
URBANA — In spite of strong
market signals to the contrary, reports suggest that producers are
not rushing to sell corn at harvest time, said a University of
Illinois Extension marketing specialist.
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"If the crop size forecast does
increase, higher prices will have to be generated by demand or
concerns about next year’s crop," said Darrel Good. "If consumption
unfolds as projected, it will be difficult for prices to move a lot
higher before next spring. With use as projected, higher prices in
the near term may require an unchanged or smaller crop forecast in
October."
Good’s comments came as he reviewed
recent action in the corn and soybean markets. December 2002 corn
futures established a contract high of $2.96 on Sept. 9. The USDA
reports released on Sept. 12 contained a smaller forecast of the
2002 U.S. corn crop (down 37 million bushels from the August
forecast), a smaller forecast of foreign coarse grain production and
a smaller forecast of U.S. and world grain inventories at the end of
the current marketing year. Since those smaller forecasts were
released, December corn futures have declined 31 cents.
"A number of factors may have
contributed to the decline, but liquidation of long positions held
by speculative traders has been one of the dominant factors
pressuring prices," said Good. "The liquidation appears to have been
triggered by reports of ‘better than expected’ yields.
"It is never clear whose expectations
have been exceeded, but the reports have resulted in ideas that the
USDA’s October production forecast may exceed the September
forecast, as was the case last year."
In addition to thoughts that the U.S.
crop could exceed the current projection, the slow start to the
2002-03 export program raises concerns about corn demand. As of
Sept. 12, the USDA reported 2002-03 marketing year export
commitments at 303 million bushels. That figure is about 8 percent
smaller than export commitments on the same date last year. The USDA
has projected that exports during the current marketing year will be
100 million bushels larger than exports of last year. Compared with
last year, smaller sales have been registered to Egypt, Taiwan,
South Korea and China. Prospects for a larger Chinese corn harvest
create concerns about Asian demand for U.S. corn.
"Recent price behavior in the corn
market is a reminder that U.S. and world feed grain supplies are
smaller than a year ago, but little, if any, rationing of use may be
required," said Good. "Current new crop price relationships are
slightly in favor of additional corn acreage in the United States in
2003."
[to top of second column in
this article]
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November 2002 soybean futures reached a
high of $5.91 on Sept. 11. The USDA’s Sept. 12 reports contained
larger forecasts (compared with the August forecasts) of U.S. and
world soybean production and stocks for the 2002-03 marketing year.
Since the forecasts were released, November futures have declined
about 24 cents.
"While the forecasts suggest that use
of U.S. soybeans will have to decline during the current marketing
year, world supplies are expected to be adequate to allow for
increased consumption," Good noted. "The USDA currently projects a
3.3 percent increase in world soybean consumption. The increase is
expected to come primarily in South America and China.
"The South American increase reflects
expectations of a larger crush, primarily to meet export demand for
soybean meal. China is expected to import 36 percent more soybeans
than last year in order to expand the domestic crush to support
increases in domestic meal and oil consumption."
U.S. soybean exports during 2002-03 are
projected to be 215 million bushels (20 percent) less than exports
during the past marketing year. As of Sept. 12, the USDA reported
that export commitments for the current marketing year totaled 240
million bushels. Commitments are nearly 5 percent larger than on the
same date last year and account for slightly over 28 percent of the
USDA’s projection for the year.
New sales need to average only 12
million bushel per week for the next 50 weeks to reach the USDA’s
projected level of exports. At 62 million bushels, current
outstanding sales to China are nearly double the level of sales of a
year ago. On the other hand, sales to the European Union, the
largest buyer of U.S. soybeans, total only 19 million bushels. Sales
to the EU are down by two-thirds from sales of a year ago. The EU is
currently buying larger quantities of South American soybeans.
"Early season reports on U.S. soybean
yields have not been as numerous as corn yield reports," said Good.
"Early results apparently do not differ significantly from
expectations."
Soybean prices will be influenced by a
wide range of factors, including subsequent U.S. crop forecast, rate
of use and prospects for the South American crop.
"The most
important factor near term will be the USDA’s October production
forecast for the United States," said Good.
[U
of I news release]
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FFA reporter attends
workshop
[SEPT.
24, 2002]
Brittney Kavanaugh from the
Hartsburg-Emden FFA attended the FFA Reporter’s Workshop at Lincoln
Land Community College in Springfield recently.
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The workshop
was presented by Emilee Bocker, the state FFA reporter for Illinois.
"She did a great job," Brittney said, adding that it was "a great
learning experience for everyone who attended the workshop."
[FFA news release] |
[Photo provided by FFA] |
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Section 14 FFA members attend
leadership camp
[SEPT.
24, 2002]
The FFA Leadership Camp 2002
was a great success and a lot of fun for Hartsburg-Emden students
who attended.
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Robin Niehaus gave a presentation on
"Get Fired Up," and the FFA alumni also gave a presentation. The
state officer team conducted mixers, and members were involved in a
talent show, quiz bowl team, volleyball team, challenge course,
"good morning" radio show and flag committee. Participants at the
camp learned more about community development, student development,
chapter development and much more.
Thanks to
those who support the FFA so that individuals can attend events like
this.
[Brittney Kavanaugh,
Hartsburg-Emden FFA reporter] |
[Photo provided by FFA]
[Pictured,
left to right, are
Jeff Evers, Brittney Kavanaugh, Ryan Fleck, Bruce Frank and Justin
Brown.] |
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Harvest progress
[SEPT.
23, 2002]
As of today, the harvest
progress stands at about 15 percent completed for corn harvest and
virtually 0 percent for soybeans. Corn progress varies widely by
local area as farmers have been searching for dry corn to start in.
Many area cornfields have been "opened up," meaning that end rows
have been harvested.
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Moisture percentages have ranged from
the upper 20s down to the upper teens. Due to the cost of drying,
most producers don’t want to start harvest unless moisture is in the
lower 20s, unless there are problems with corn standing upright.
Once again there are pockets of corn that are lying flat on the
ground due to windstorms, corn borer damage and stalk rots.
[Photos provided by John Fulton]
Preliminary results from the county
corn borer survey indicate heavy corn borer pressure, especially on
the east side of the county. The average survey found almost four
borers per plant on the east side of the county in 24 of 25 plants.
These numbers will give us over a 10 percent yield loss due to
European corn borer this year. This is in addition to fields that
may be prone to stalk breakage in windstorms. Another factor is
possible dropping of ears due to corn borers weakening the shank
that attaches ears to the stalk.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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Early yield reports have been as
expected — highly variable. Many yields reported have not been from
entire fields but from combine yield monitors and weigh wagons. The
low-end yields have been just over 100 bushels on some corn after
corn, and the high yields have been over 200 bushels per acre in
areas that received timely rainfall.
Where will yield averages fall?
Somewhere between those two numbers. As yields reports have not come
from whole field averages, take them with a grain of salt.
Individual field variation has been greater than the yield reports.
In another month or so, we’ll have a good handle on what yields
were.
[John
Fulton]
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Hartem observes National Farm Safety Week
[SEPT.
23, 2002] For National
Farm Safety Week the Hartsburg-Emden Intro to Ag class put up a
window display at the Hartsburg State Bank. [Photos provided
by ag class.]
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Other
countries are using it for energy production
What is
Miscanthus?
[SEPT.
21, 2002]
URBANA — In their search for
a crop that would yield greater biomass for fuel production,
European farmers chose Miscanthus. In fact, grassy biomass crops
such as Miscanthus are being used for energy production in Europe;
power stations fueled solely by plant biomass have been built and
are operational in Britain and Denmark; and most European countries
are using plant biomass to some extent and experiencing rapid
growth. Researchers at the University of Illinois in the College of
Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences are using computer
models to predict what Miscanthus yields would be when grown on
farms in the Midwest.
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"This model, based on the European
experience with Miscanthus," said Steve Long, U of I plant
biologist, "predicts that no matter where the crop is grown in
Illinois, it will yield as good as or better than it does in Europe
— that is, yields of 11 to 17 dry tons per acre per year. Now, with
the support of C-FAR (Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural
Research) we are testing these model predictions with trials of the
crop across the state."
The potential for growing Miscanthus,
the benefits of grassland systems, management strategies and
applications for biofuel are some of the topics that will be covered
at the Sustainable Grassland Systems Field Day, from 8 a.m. to 3:30
p.m. Thursday, Oct. 17, at a field location just north of
Monticello.
Long said that crops such as Miscanthus
would add to the diversity of options for farmers, increasing
stability of farm incomes. "Once established, Miscanthus is a
low-input crop which adds large amounts of carbon to the soil, will
help to decrease errant nitrogen from entering our water supplies
and improve the quality of our soils."
Emily Heaton, who is conducting the
Illinois trials with Long and Tom Voigt at the university, added,
"Recent events in the United States and abroad have highlighted the
crucial need for energy sources that are not only clean and
renewable, but also domestically abundant. The federal government
has recognized the vital role agriculture can play in satisfying
U.S. energy demand. Biofuels, specifically energy crops, were
included in the new 2002 farm bill, reflecting the increasing
importance of these crops in the U.S. energy and agricultural
portfolios."
Long said that green energy from
perennial, grassy energy crops, particularly Miscanthus, provides an
opportunity for the agricultural and energy industries to work
together by growing profitable and sustainable new crops while
simultaneously providing clean, renewable fuel.
At the field day, morning speakers will
present information on topics relating to grazing, including the
economics of grazing, legislation and managing intensive grazing.
After a field tour, demonstration and lunch, there will be a
presentation by the Illinois Department of Agriculture’s AgriFIRST
program, followed by several experts speaking on topics related to
using plants as fuel, including Long’s presentation on Miscanthus
and a presentation from crop sciences graduate student Emily Heaton,
who works with Long. Attendees will have a chance to see firsthand
the largest field plot of Miscanthus for fuel production in the
United States.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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The field location is just north of
Monticello and south of Lodge. Interstate 72, take Exit 166 at
Monticello’s Market Street. At the stop sign turn north. The Rick
Ridings auto dealership will be on your right. Continue on old Route
47 about 1.25 miles until you come to the end of Lodge Park. At this
point turn north onto Cry Baby Bridge Road, cross the Sangamon
River, and continue to the "Y." Turn west and continue for about
one-half mile until you come to the railroad tracks. Cross the
tracks, turn north and continue about one-half mile.
The Sustainable Grassland Field Day is
hosted by John Caveny, president of Environmentally Correct Concepts
in Monticello. "I believe that producing grassy bioenergy crops will
be a core enterprise on farms in Illinois in the near future,"
states Caveny. "Renewable base-load electric energy from grass is
one ag product that is not in surplus."
Other partners include Illinois
AgriFIRST, Dynegy Midwest Generation, Illinois Extension, NRCS and
the Dudley Smith Initiative. The field day is part of the 2002
Sustainable Agriculture Tours, sponsored by the Agroecology/Sustainable
Agriculture Program at the University of Illinois, the North Central
Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Professional
Development Program, and the Illinois Small Farm Task Force.
"The tours and field days we’ve
sponsored this summer and fall have given people a chance to see a
variety of sustainable agriculture operations in action," said
Deborah Cavanaugh-Grant, Extension specialist for the University of
Illinois’ Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program.
The entire Sustainable Grassland
Systems Field Day is free, including lunch. However please make a
reservation by Oct. 10. For more information and to register, please
contact John Caveny at (217) 762-7767 or by e-mail to
soilsteward@prairieinet.net.
The U of I Miscanthus project is funded
by C-FAR.
[U of I news release]
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New
Zealand dairy trip open
[SEPT.
20, 2002]
URBANA — A University of
Illinois Department of Animal Sciences field study trip to New
Zealand focusing on that nation’s dairy industry has openings for a
number of non-students, said Gene McCoy, U of I dairy science
research specialist and organizer of the tour. The group will leave
Chicago on Jan 6 and return there on Jan. 18.
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"This is a great opportunity to observe
the New Zealand dairy industry, its practices and research
first-hand," said McCoy, who will be leading the trip with Richard
Wallace, U of I Extension dairy veterinarian.
"We'll tour a number of dairy farms,
observe grazing practices and visit a research center. One of our
stops will be at a commercial deer ranch. Deer ranching is becoming
very popular in that country."
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Transportation and lodging costs are
approximately $2,800 per person, not including spending money.
McCoy said
those interested should contact him by Sept. 23 at (217) 333-2625,
(217) 351-9106, or
g-mccoy@uiuc.edu.
[U of I news release] |
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Aflatoxin problems in corn
isolated to southern Illinois
[SEPT.
19, 2002]
URBANA — Recent reports
indicate that elevators in southern Illinois have rejected some
truckloads of corn because of the presence of aflatoxin as indicated
by a black-light test. In some cases, levels have been reported as
high as 200 or 300 parts per billion. That compares to the cutoff
point of only 20 parts per billion for interstate commerce.
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But according to Don White, professor
of fungal diseases of corn in the Department of Crop Sciences at the
University of Illinois, the pro blem appears limited only to a small
area in the southern part of the state.
"There certainly is no reason for the
markets to be panicked over this development," White said. "The
situation so far is restricted to a small geographical area. The
growers who need to watch out are those who are harvesting a
drought-stressed corn crop that is low in yield. I would be really
surprised if we have enough aflatoxin in the other areas of the
state to cause any real concerns."
White notes that it usually takes two
consecutive years of dry weather to produce widespread problems from
aflatoxin, which has not been the case in Illinois.
"The fungus that produces the toxin
normally does not do well when conditions are wet," he said. "It
just cannot compete well with other bacteria and fungi in such an
environment. Normally, however, you need two straight dry years
before the innoculum builds up to the high levels that can cause a
problem."
White points out that even those
growers who have their corn rejected at the elevator still have
several options open to them.
[to top of second column in
this article]
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"High levels of aflatoxin are usually
found only in the broken and cracked kernels," White said. "Those
can often be screened out using a grain cleaner, leaving the
remaining corn below the threshold for aflatoxin contamination. The
loss in this process is usually only about 1 or 2 percent."
He adds that even corn with low to
moderate levels of aflatoxin can also be safely fed to finishing
steers.
"It is important, however, that corn
with aflatoxin should never be used to feed dairy cows, because it
metabolizes into an aflatoxin-like product in the milk," he said.
"Chickens also are very susceptible to problems from aflatoxin. But
certainly, finishing steers can handle it quite well."
White also warns against feeding any of
the corn screenings, which contain the cracked and broken kernels,
to any kind of animal. He further advises growers to be careful in
storing drought-stressed corn, because aflatoxin can be produced in
stored corn that has not been dried to at least 14.5 percent
moisture content.
"At this
point, there is no reason for major concern," he said. "We appear to
have a problem only in drought-stressed corn from a relatively small
area. We will continue to remain vigilant for any further problems
as harvest continues."
[U of I news release] |
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